Goshonoside F5 has anti-inflammatory activity, it significantly inhibits the pro-inflammatory response induced by LPS, both in vitro and in vivo.

Dehydromiltirone has antioxidant activity, it shows significant anti-neuroinflammatory effects through inhibiting PI3K/Akt phosphorylation and then inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway.

Xanthoxyletin shows potent antibacterial, fungicidal, and algicidal properties, it also has anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. It shows an inhibitory effect on iNOS protein expression at 10 microM, it also can inhibit the synthesis of nitric oxide and the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cyclooxygenase-2. Xanthoxyletin induces S phase arrest and apoptosis in human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells, the effects are associated with the DNA damage, apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell cycle arrest at S phase in a dose-dependent manner, it also can increase the production of reactive oxygen species.

MEG hemisulfate (Mercaptoethylguanidine hemisulfate) acts as a highly potent and selective suppressor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), demonstrating EC50 values of 11.5 μM for iNOS, 110 μM for ecNOS, and 60 μM for bNOS in tissue homogenates. It is notably effective as a peroxynitrite scavenger and blocks peroxynitrite-triggered oxidative mechanisms. Furthermore, this compound offers protective benefits across various experimental inflammation prototypes, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, hemorrhagic shock, periodontitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and both endotoxic and septic shock.

Isofuranodiene protects GalN/LPS-induced liver injury in SD rats, it may be a potential functional food ingredient for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. Isofuranodiene has anticancer activity, by inhibiting the proliferation and inducing apo