Piroxicam (CP-16171) is a non-specific COX inhibitor.

Piroxicam induces activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in neurones and phosphorylation of heavy molecular weight neurofilaments, cytoskeletal substrates of ERK in rat spinal cord cultures. Piroxicam and NS-398 protect neurones against hypoxia/reperfusion in rat spinal cord cultures. [1]

Piroxicam at doses higher than 0.04%, strongly inhibits the development of GST-P-positive and neoplastic nodules as well as fibrosis, cirrhosis and formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) adducts in rats. [2] Piroxicam increases the expression of all three MHC antigens compared to either control or azoxymethane (AOM)-treated rats. Piroxicam up-regulates colonic MHC antigen expression in the AOM model of colonic carcinogenesis. [3] Piroxicam combined with Cisplatin has antitumor activity against oral malignant melanoma (OMM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in rats. [4] Piroxicam inhibits prostaglandin synthesis through cyclooxygenase blockade in dog, and Piroxicam does not have any direct cytotoxic effects in vitro. [5] Piroxicam also binds strongly to plasma proteins and Piroxicam could stop Ochratoxin A (OTA) -binding and transport into target organs, thereby preventing its nephrotoxicity in rats. Piroxicam prevents the enzymuria induced by OTA and increases renal elimination of OTA in rats. [6]