Anacardic Acid (6-pentadecylsalicylic Acid) is an effective inhibitor of p300 and p300/CBP-associated factor histone acetyltranferases. It also has antimicrobial activity, antibacterial activity, and inhibits prostaglandin synthase, lipoxygenase, and tyrosinase.

Anacardic acid is an inhibitor of several Clinicalally targeted enzymes such as HATs, NF-kB, LOX-1, xanthine oxidase, tyrosinase, and ureases. Anacardic acid is also an effective inhibitor of Tip60 in vitro. It inhibits the Tip60-dependent acetylation and activation of the ATM protein kinase in HeLa cells and sensitizes the cells to the cytotoxic effects of radiation.

Anacardic acid decreases over-expression of Gata4, α-MHC, and cTnT in fetal mouse hearts exposed to ethanol. Anacardic acid inhibits binding of PCAF, P300 to the promoter of Gata4.

HAT and HDAC Activity Assays :After homogenization of cardiac tissues, nucleoproteins are extracted using a Nuclear Extract Kit according to the manufacturer's instructions. HAT and HDAC activities of the nuclear protein extracts are determined using a colorimetric assay included in the HAT and HDAC assay kits.

HeLa and 293T cells are grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/10% fetal calf serum. SQ20B and SCC35 squamous cell carcinoma cell lines are cultured in modified eagles medium/10% fetal calf serum. For anacardic acid (EMD Biosciences, CA) exposure, cells are preincubated with anacardic acid (0-100 μM) for 40 min, irradiated, then allowed to recover for 4 h. Cells are then switched to fresh media and allowed to grow for 10 days.

Animal Models: 9 to 11 week old Kunming mice. Formulation: Dissolved in DMSO,co-injected with ethanol. Dosages: 0,1.25,2.5,5,10 mg/kg. Administration: i.p.