Home Tools

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate

Catalog No. TQ0198 CAS 16561-29-8

Synonyms: PMA

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) belongs to the phorbol ester group of natural products and is an activator of PKC, SphK, and NF-κB. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces THP1 cell differentiation.

All products from TargetMol are for Research Use Only. Not for Human or Veterinary or Therapeutic Use.

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate Chemical Structure

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, CAS 16561-29-8

Pack Size	Availability	Price/USD
1 mg	In stock	$ 50.00
5 mg	In stock	$ 89.00
10 mg	In stock	$ 129.00
25 mg	In stock	$ 213.00
50 mg	In stock	$ 315.00
1 mL * 10 mM (in DMSO)	In stock	$ 123.00

Bulk Inquiry

Select Batch

Purity: 100%

Purity: 99.87%

Purity: 99.5%

Purity: 99.07%

Purity: 98.55%

Biological Description

Chemical Properties

Storage & Solubility Information

Description	Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) belongs to the phorbol ester group of natural products and is an activator of PKC, SphK, and NF-κB. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces THP1 cell differentiation.
Targets&IC50	PKC:11.7 nM (EC50)
In vitro	METHODS: Sphere-cultured human melanoma cells WM series were treated with Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (50 ng/mL) for 3 days, and cell growth was examined using the MTS. RESULTS: Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate promoted the proliferation of melanoma cells, and the cell number of WM35 cells increased to 265%. [1] METHODS: Human mononuclear leukocytes THP-1 were treated with Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (200 ng/mL) for 1-5 days, and morphology was assessed using light microscopy and target expression was detected using Flow Cytometry. RESULTS: Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced THP-1 cells to differentiate into macrophage-like cells (THP-1 macrophages). Cell surface expression of CD11 and CD14 was increased. [2] METHODS: Human venous endothelial cells HUVECs were treated with Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (10-40 ng/mL) for 8 h. Cell migration was detected using the Wound healing migration assay. RESULTS: Short-term treatment with Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate enhanced endothelial cell migration. [3]
In vivo	METHODS: To investigate the effects of phorbol esters on rodent brain development, Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (100-500 μg/kg) was administered as a single intraperitoneal injection to neonatal rats and mice deficient in IL-18 or IRAK-4, and the animals were necropsied 24 h, 7 days, or 14 days later. RESULTS: Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced an inflammatory response and extensive neurodegeneration in the brain. Lack of IL-18 or IRAK-4 protected against Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced brain damage. [4] METHODS: To construct an acute mouse ear inflammation model, both ears of CD-1 mice were treated topically with Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (20 μL of 125 μg/mL PMA acetone solution), air-dried and completely absorbed. RESULTS: Ear tissues attacked with Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate began to show signs of inflammation, including swelling and redness, approximately 2 hours after application. [5]
Cell Research	αT3-1 and LβT-2 cells are grown in monolayer cultured in DMEM in humidified incubator 5% CO2 at 37°C. Serum starvation is with 0.1% FCS in the same medium for 16 h. GnRH and PMA are then added for the length of time as indicated. In general, αT3-1 cells are transiently transfected by ExGen 500 or by jetPRIME, while LβT2 cells only by jetPRIME transfection reagent. For experiments with dominant-negative (DN) PKCs, αT3-1 cells (in 6 cm plates) are transfected with 1.5 μg of p38α-GFP with 3 μg of control vector, pCDNA3, or with 3 μg of the DN-PKCs constructs. For LβT2 cells, transfections are performed (in 10 cm plates) with 4 μg of p38α-GFP along with 9 μg of control vector, pCDNA3, or with 9 μg of the DN-PKCs constructs. Approximately 30 h after transfection, the cells are serum-starved (0.1% FCS) for 16 h and later stimulated with GnRH or PMA, washed twice with ice-cold PBS, treated with the lysis buffer, followed by one freeze-thaw cycle. Cells are harvested; following centrifugation (15,000×g, 15 min, 4°C) supernatants are taken for immunoprecipitation experiments [2].
Animal Research	All experiments are performed with male Wistar rats (weighing 250-280 g). One hundred and thirty-five Wistar rats are randomly divided into seven groups. (1) Rats in the sham group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of 0.9% normal saline; (2) Rats in the IR group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of 0.9% normal saline 30 min before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO); (3) Rats in the Carbenoxolone (CBX) group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of CBX (5 μg/mL×10 μL) 30 min before MCAO; (4) Rats in the Sch-6783 group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of DZX (2 mM×30 μL) 30 min prior to MCAO; (5) Rats in the 5-HD group (n=21) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of 5-HD (100 mM×10 μL), and after 10 min, DZX is injected 15 min prior to MCAO; (6) The rats in the DZX + Ro group (n=15) are given a lateral cerebral ventricle injection of DZX, and after 10 min, Ro-31-8425 (400 μg/kg) is injected 15 min prior to MCAO; (7) The rats in the 5-HD+PMA group (n=15) are given an intraperitoneal injection of PMA (200 μg/kg) after the injection of 5-HD and DZX [3].
Source	Natural Products > Euphorbiaceae > Euphorbia

Synonyms	PMA
Molecular Weight	616.83
Formula	C36H56O8
CAS No.	16561-29-8

Storage

store at low temperature,keep away from direct sunlight

Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year

Solubility Information

DMSO: 50 mg/mL (81.06 mM)

H2O: Insoluble

References and Literature

1. Jørgensen K, et al. Phorbol ester phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate promotes anchorage-independent growth and survival of melanomas through MEK-independent activation of ERK1/2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Apr 1;329(1):266-74. 2. Starr T, et al. The phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate differentiation protocol is critical to the interaction of THP-1 macrophages with Salmonella Typhimurium. PLoS One. 2018 Mar 14;13(3):e0193601. 3. Wen HC, et al. PMA inhibits endothelial cell migration through activating the PKC-δ/Syk/NF-κB-mediated up-regulation of Thy-1. Sci Rep. 2018 Nov 2;8(1):16247. 4. Dzietko M, et al. Effects of PMA (PHORBOL-12-MYRISTATE-13-ACETATE) on the Developing Rodent Brain. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:318306. 5. Wu BC, et al. In vivo Anti-inflammatory Activity of Lipidated Peptidomimetics Pam-(Lys-βNspe)6-NH2 and Lau-(Lys-βNspe)6-NH2 Against PMA-Induced Acute Inflammation. Front Immunol. 2020 Aug 28;11:2102.

Citations

1. Chen H, Duan X, Deng X, et al.EBV-upregulated B7-H3 inhibits NK cell–mediated antitumor function and contributes to nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression.Cancer Immunology Research.2023: CIR-22-0374. 2. Hu R, Molibeli K M, Zhu L, et al.Long non-coding RNA-XLOC_002383 enhances the inhibitory effects of THP-1 macrophages on M. avium and functions as a competing endogenous RNA by sponging miR-146a-5p to target TRAF6.Microbes and Infection.2023: 105175. 3. Hu H, Jiang H, Zhang K, et al. Memantine nitrate MN-08 suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation to protect against sepsis-induced acute lung injury in mice. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2022, 156: 113804 4. Li Y, Wu Y, Li S, et al. Identification of phytochemicals in Qingfei Paidu decoction for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 by targeting the virus-host interactome. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2022: 113946. 5. Yasin Z N M, Idrus F N M, Yvonne-Tee G B.Comparison of THP-1 Macrophages Viability in Different Types of Culture Vessel.Journal of Tropical Life Science.2023, 13(2): 359-368. 6. Wu M, Shi Y, Liu Y, et al.Exosome‐transmitted podoplanin promotes tumor‐associated macrophage‐mediated immune tolerance in glioblastoma.CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics.2024, 30(3): e14643.

Related compound libraries

This product is contained In the following compound libraries：

TGF-beta/Smad Compound Library Kinase Inhibitor Library GPCR Compound Library Human Metabolite Library Epigenetics Compound Library Anti-Liver Cancer Compound Library Oxidation-Reduction Compound Library Anti-Breast Cancer Compound Library Pyroptosis Compound Library Bioactive Compounds Library Max

Related Products

Related compounds with same targets

Desoxo-narchinol A Penehyclidine hydrochloride Sootepin D NF-κB-IN-12 Embelin 3'-Demethylnobiletin α-Lipoic Acid Astilbin

Dose Conversion

You can also refer to dose conversion for different animals. More

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step One: Enter information below

Dosage

mg/kg

Average weight of animals

Dosing volume per animal

Number of animals

Step Two: Enter the in vivo formulation

% DMSO+

% +

% Tween 80+

% ddH₂O

%DMSO+

Calculate Reset

Calculation results:

Working concentration: mg/ml;

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (Master liquid concentration mg/mL)，Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation：Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL PEG300， mix and clarify, next add μL Tween 80，mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O, mix and clarify.

Note:

Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Calculator

Molarity Calculator

Dilution Calculator

Reconstitution Calculation

Molecular Weight Calculator

Mass

Concentration

Volume

Molecular Weight

Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the

Mass of a compound required to prepare a solution of known volume and concentration
Volume of solution required to dissolve a compound of known mass to a desired concentration
Concentration of a solution resulting from a known mass of compound in a specific volume

See Example

An example of a molarity calculation using the molarity calculator
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 10 ml of water given that the molecular weight of the compound is 197.13 g/mol?
Enter 197.13 into the Molecular Weight (MW) box
Enter 10 into the Concentration box and select the correct unit (millimolar)
Enter 10 into the Volume box and select the correct unit (milliliter)
Press calculate
The answer of 19.713 mg appears in the Mass box

Concentration (Start)

Volume (Start)

Concentration (End)

Volume (End)

Calculator the dilution required to prepare a stock solution

Calculate the dilution required to prepare a stock solution
The dilution calculator is a useful tool which allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentration. Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1.

See Example

An example of a dilution calculation using the Tocris dilution calculator
What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 20ml of a 50 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=50 μM, V2=20 ml and V1 is the unknown:
Enter 10 into the Concentration (start) box and select the correct unit (millimolar)
Enter 50 into the Concentration (final) box and select the correct unit (micromolar)
Enter 20 into the Volume (final) box and select the correct unit (milliliter)
Press calculate
The answer of 100 microliter (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (start) box

Volume (to add to vial)

Mass (in vial)

Desired Reconstitution Concentration

Calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial.
Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

Molecule Formula

Molecular Weight g/mol

Enter the chemical formula of a compound to calculate its molar mass and elemental composition

Tip: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C10H16N2O2 c10h16n2o2

Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:
To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter its chemical formula and click 'Calculate'.
Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
Molecular mass (molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed n the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.

bottom

Tech Support

Please see Inhibitor Handling Instructions for more frequently ask questions. Topics include: how to prepare stock solutions, how to store products, and cautions on cell-based assays & animal experiments, etc.

Keywords

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate 16561-29-8 Chromatin/Epigenetic Cytoskeletal Signaling GPCR/G Protein NF-Κb PKC S1P Receptor NF-κB SphK Nuclear factor-κB Protein kinase C Inhibitor Phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate TPA inhibit Phorbol 12myristate 13acetate Phorbol myristate Nuclear factor-kappaB Sphingosine kinase Phorbol 12-myristate PMA inhibitor

Products are chemical reagents for research use only and are not intended for human use. We do not sell to patients.