S16961 (S169611) is an agonist of nicotinic receptor.

Fipexide (Attentil, Vigilor), a psychoactive drug of the piperazine chemical class, was developed in Italy in 1983. It was served as a nootropic drug in France and Italy, mainly for the therapy of senile dementia, but is no longer in common use because of the occurrence of rare drug side-effects including hepatitis and fever.

Lycorine (Narcissine) inhibits protein synthesis and may inhibit ascorbic acid biosynthesis, although studies on the latter are controversial and inconclusive.

Chlorprothixene hydrochloride (Truxal hydrochloride) brings strong blocking effects by blocking the 5-HT2 D1, D2, D3, histamine H1, muscarinic and alpha1 adrenergic receptors. Chlorprothixene hydrochloride s a typical antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene (tricyclic) class.

Procaine hydrochloride (Novocaine HCl) is the hydrochloride salt form of procaine, a benzoic acid derivative with local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic properties. Procaine binds to and inhibits voltage-gated sodiumchannels, thereby inhibiting the ionic flux required for the initiation and conduction of impulses. In addition, this agent increases electrical excitation threshold, reduces rate of rise of action potential and slows nerve impulse propagation thereby causing loss of sensation.