Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), an active component isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, suppresses the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK, and downregulates matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Astragaloside IV is a bioactive saponin first isolated from the dried plant roots of the genus Astragalus, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine.1 It dose-dependently inhibits human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) in A549 cells (IC50 = 23 μM; LC50 = 865 μM).It inhibits replication of HAdV-3 and decreases HAdV-3-induced apoptosis. It has diverse protective effects for the cardiovascular, immune, digestive, and nervous systems. In particular, it reduces myocardial infarct size in dogs when administered prior to coronary ligation and reduces reperfusion arrhythmias in isolated rat hearts.

Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid acts as a potent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive component in vivo, thus contributing to the immune regulatory role of fruits and herbs.

Anisomycin (NSC-76712) is an antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.

(-)-Bornyl acetate (L-(-)-Bornyl acetate) is a less active enantiomer of (+)-Bornyl acetate. Isolated from hyssop oil, it possesses antifungal, highly active whitening, and antioxidant properties, and it has potential applications in cosmeceutical materials. It downregulates proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo, reduces the number of total cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in BALF, attenuates histologic lung alterations, decreases the wet-to-dry weight ratio in BALF, and inhibits the activation of NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha, extracellular regulated protein kinases, c-JunN-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.