jnk1

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8), also known as JNK1, is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation, and development. The protein kinases JNK1 has been found to serve as critical molecular links between obesity, metabolic inflammation, and disorders of glucose homeostasis. It is critically involved in the promotion of diet-induced obesity, metabolic inflammation, and beta-cell dysfunction. The selective deficiency of JNK1 in the murine nervous system is sufficient to suppress diet-induced obesity. Genetic analysis indicates that the effects of JNK1 can be separated from the effects of JNK1 on obesity. JNK1 is a potential pharmacological target for the development of drugs that might be useful for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, JNK1 plays a major role in hypoxic cellular damage. JNK1 protein might be an attractive target for anti-hypoxic therapy in increasing resistance to many pathological conditions and diseases, leading to the oxygen deficit.

Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4, also known as MAP kinase kinase 4, MAPKK4, JNK-activating kinase 1, MAPK ERK kinase 4, SAPK ERK kinase 1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase kinase 1, JNKK, and MAP2K4, is a protein that belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, STE Ser Thr protein kinase family and MAP kinase kinase subfamily. MAP2K4 JNKK1 is a protein kinase that is a direct activator of MAP kinases in response to various environmental stresses or mitogenic stimuli. MAP2K4 JNKK1 has been shown to activate MAPK8 JNK1, MAPK9 JNK2, and MAPK14 p38, but not MAPK1 ERK2 or MAPK3 ERK1. MAP2K4 JNKK1 is phosphorylated, and thus activated by MAP3K1 MEKK. The stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) pathways represent phosphorylation cascades that convey pro-apoptotic signals. The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) homolog MAP2K4 ( MKK4, SEK, JNKK1 ) is a centrally-placed mediator of the SAPK pathways.