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(±)-Carnitine chloride

Catalog No. T6475Cas No. 461-05-2
Alias Monocamin, DL-Carnitine HCl, DL-Carnitine chloride, Bicarnesine

(±)-Carnitine chloride (Monocamin) is a quaternary ammonium compound biosynthesized from the amino acids lysine and methionine.

(±)-Carnitine chloride

(±)-Carnitine chloride

Purity: 99.56%
Catalog No. T6475Alias Monocamin, DL-Carnitine HCl, DL-Carnitine chloride, BicarnesineCas No. 461-05-2
(±)-Carnitine chloride (Monocamin) is a quaternary ammonium compound biosynthesized from the amino acids lysine and methionine.
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10 g$29In Stock
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Purity:99.56%
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Product Introduction

Bioactivity
Description
(±)-Carnitine chloride (Monocamin) is a quaternary ammonium compound biosynthesized from the amino acids lysine and methionine.
In vitro
L-carnitine primarily facilitates the translocation of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane by transforming acyl-CoA into acyl-carnitine via carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT)-I activation. This acyl-carnitine is then converted back into acyl-CoA within the mitochondrial matrix by CPT-II. L-carnitine's introduction enhances palmitoyl-CoA-induced mitochondrial respiration, further accelerated by ADP, showcasing a concentration-dependent effect that reaches saturation at 5 mM L-carnitine[1]. Additionally, L-carnitine pre-treatment enhances Nrf2 nuclear translocation, its DNA binding activity, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in Water2-treated HL7702 cells, providing protection against Water2-induced cell damage through Akt-mediated Nrf2 signaling pathway activation[2].
In vivo
L-carnitine has been shown to modulate the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and enhance IGF-1 levels in animal studies. Its administration over two weeks can mitigate muscle mass and fiber size reduction in the soleus muscle caused by hindlimb suspension. Additionally, L-carnitine inhibits atrogin-1 mRNA expression, crucial for preventing muscle atrophy. Concurrent L-carnitine treatment also reduces renal fibrosis—associated with lowered plasma TGF-β1 levels—and addresses the enhanced oxidative and inflammatory states observed in L-NAME treated groups, alongside promoting PPAR-γ expression.
Kinase Assay
Mitochondria (0.6 mg protein/mL) are incubated in 2.5 mM Hepes (pH7.4) containing 225 mM mannitol, 75 mM sucrose and 100 μM ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) with or without 5 mM L-carnitine at 25°C. To measure oxygen uptake, 10 min after inorganic phosphate (Pi) 4 mM are added, the mitochondria are treated with palmitoyl-CoA (50 μM) and then ADP is added (200 μM). Oligomycin (5 μM) and rotenone (10 μM) are added 3-4 min after the ADP treatment. HPG (0-10 mM), which can specifically inhibit carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT)-I activity in the mitochondria, is added in the Hepes medium before incubation of the mitochondria[1].
AliasMonocamin, DL-Carnitine HCl, DL-Carnitine chloride, Bicarnesine
Chemical Properties
Molecular Weight197.66
FormulaC7H15NO3·HCl
Cas No.461-05-2
Storage & Solubility Information
StoragePowder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year | Shipping with blue ice.
Solubility Information
H2O: 37 mg/mL (187.2 mM)
Ethanol: < 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble)
DMSO: 45 mg/mL (227.66 mM)
Solution Preparation Table
H2O/DMSO
1mg5mg10mg50mg
1 mM5.0592 mL25.2960 mL50.5919 mL252.9596 mL
5 mM1.0118 mL5.0592 mL10.1184 mL50.5919 mL
10 mM0.5059 mL2.5296 mL5.0592 mL25.2960 mL
20 mM0.2530 mL1.2648 mL2.5296 mL12.6480 mL
50 mM0.1012 mL0.5059 mL1.0118 mL5.0592 mL
100 mM0.0506 mL0.2530 mL0.5059 mL2.5296 mL

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