Chitosan (MW 150000) (Deacetylated chitin) is a linear polysaccharide made up of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.

Chlorobutanol hemihydrate (Chlorbutol hemihydrate) is an orally toxic preservative with antimicrobial activity that inhibits Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, inhibits the aggregation and release of human platelets in vitro, and is commonly used in cosmetics.

Lauryl betaine (n-Dodecyl-N) has antifungal activity and inhibits Malassezia spp. Lauryl betaine is used as a surfactant and emulsifier and is commonly used in the skin care industry.

Methyl 2-amino-5-bromobenzoate (Methyl 5-Bromoanthranilate) is a hepatitis C virus NS5b RNA polymerase inhibitor with antimicrobial activity that inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections and is involved in the production of many virulence factors and biofilm formation.

2-Butyl-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one is an orally available antimicrobial agent with antimicrobial activity commonly used in the pharmaceutical profession and food processing.

Tebuconazole is an agricultural azole fungicide. It can also inhibit CYP51 (IC50s: 0.9 and 1.3 μM for Candida albicans CYP51 and truncated Homo sapiens CYP51, respectively).

Paclobutrazol ((R,R)-paclobutrazol) is a triazole-containing plant growth retardant that is known to inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellins.1,2It also has antifungal activities.3PBZ, which is transported acropetally in plants, can also suppress the synthesis of abscisic acid and induce chilling tolerance in plants.1,4,5PBZ is typically used to support research on the role of gibberellins in plant biology.

Sorbic acid is a natural product that inhibits various bacteria, including sporeformers,