Girinimbine (Girinimbin) is a carbazole alkaloid isolated from the plants M. koenigii, M. koenigii and Murraya koenigii.Girinimbine has a wide range of biological effects, including apoptosis, antitrypanosomal, antiplatelet, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities. Girinimbine has a variety of biological effects, including apoptosis, antitrypanosomal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities.

Girinimbine (1-400 µM; 24-72 h; HepG2 cells) exhibits IC50 values of 61 µM, 56 µM, and 40 µM, reducing the viability of HepG2 cells at 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively.[1]
Girinimbine (10-100 µM; 24-48 h; HepG2 cells) increases LDH leakage in both concentration- and time-dependent manner in HepG2 cells.[1]
Girinimbine (56 µM; 24-48 h; HepG2 cells) treatment results in DNA fragmentation and elevates levels of caspase-3 in HepG2 cells.[1]
Girinimbine (56 µM; 12-48 h) treatment also displays a time-dependent accumulation of the Sub-G0/G1 peak (hypodiploid) and caused G0/G1-phase arrest.[1]
Girinimbine exhibits a potent antitrypanosomal activity, with an IC50 value of 10.16 µg/mL.[3]

Girinimbine (10-100 mg/kg; orally gavage; once; Male ICR mice) pretreatment effectively reduces total leukocyte migration and lowers pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α) levels in the peritoneal fluid.[2]
Girinimbine (20 μg/mL; 24 h; zebrafish embryos) shows a significant distribution of apoptotic cells in embryos.[2]