Mepivacaine hydrochloride (Mepivacaine HCl) is the hydrochloride salt form of mepivacaine, an amide derivative with local anesthetic properties.

The tests made in horse show greater diffusion of mepivacaine between adjacent synovial structures than assumed from previous anatomical, latex injection and contrast arthrographic studies. [1] Ultrasound provides a 37% reduction in the minimum effective anesthetic volume (MEAV50) of 1.5% mepivacaine required to block the sciatic nerve compared with neurostimulation in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy. [2] The use of 3% mepivacaine provides a shorter duration of anesthesia than the lidocaine formulations with epinephrine in the canines and premolars. [3]

Phosphatase Assay: Purified bovine brain calcineurin and calmodulin are purchased. Reaction mixtures with purified enzyme contains 100 nM calcineurin, 100 nM calmodulin, and 5 μM 32P-labeled phosphopeptide, in 60 μl (total volume) of assay buffer containing 20 mM Tris (pH 8), 100 mM NaCI, 6 mM MgCl2, 0.5 mM dithiothreitol, 0.1 mg of bovine serum albumin per ml, and either 0.1 mM CaCl2 or 5 mM EGTA. Reaction mixtures with cell lysates contains 20 μl of undiluted lysate, 5 μM 32P-labeled phosphopeptide, and 40 μl of assay buffer. Where indicated, reaction mixtures contains 50 μM peptide 412 or 413 and/or 500 nM okadaic acid, a specific inhibitor of phosphatases 1 and 2A; 500 nM okadaic acid is sufficient for inhibition of Ca2+-independent phosphatases, whereas higher concentrations partially inhibit Ca2+-dependent activity as well. After 15 min at 30°C, reactions are terminated by the addition of 0.5 ml of 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 5% trichloroacetic acid. Free inorganic phosphate is isolated by Dowex cation-exchange chromatography and quantitated by scintillation counting as described.