URMC-099 is an orally bioavailable, brain penetrant MLK inhibitor (IC50: 19/42/14/150 nM, for MLK1/MLK2/MLK3/DLK), and also inhibits LRRK2 activity (IC50: 11 nM).

URMC-099, administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dosage of 10 mg/kg, demonstrates the ability to reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines within the body, protect neuronal structures, and alter the morphology and ultrastructural response of microglia to exposure to HIV-1 Tat. In mice, URMC-099 exhibits favorable pharmacokinetics and enhanced Central Nervous System (CNS) penetration. Additionally, URMC-099 significantly reduces the infiltration of neutrophils into the peritoneum of wild-type mice in response to fMLP.

URMC-099 reduces chemotaxis in wild-type neutrophils induced by fMLP in vitro. Moreover, URMC-099 inhibits the release of TNFα in microglia triggered by lipopolysaccharides, as well as the release of cytokines in human monocytes stimulated by HIV-1 Tat. Additionally, URMC-099 prevents the destruction and phagocytosis of cultured neuronal axons by microglia.

HDAC IC50 Profiling: The in vitro inhibitory activity of compounds against seven human HDAC isoforms (1, 2, 4 C2A, 5 C2A, 6, 8, and 11) are performed with a fluorescent based assay according to the company's standard operating procedure. The IC50 values are determined using 10 different concentrations with 3-fold serial dilution starting at 10 μM. TSA and vorinostat are used as reference compounds.