Rose Bengal sodium is a potent inhibitor of VGlut and vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) (Ki of 19 and 64 nM for VGlut andVMAT, respectively）

Rose Bengal immobilized onto silicon showed good antibacterial activity in the dark under ultrasonic activation[1]

Bacteria were grown to a concentration of 10^8 CFU/mL and then diluted with sterile saline by serial decimal dilutions to concentrations of 10^3–10^7 CFU/mL.?Three milliliters of bacterial suspensions was transferred into flat-bottom 2.5 cm diameter 20 mL vials.?Before the experiment, samples were taken from each vial to determine the initial bacterial concentration.?Free Rose Bengal at various concentrations or Rose Bengal immobilized onto silicone was added to all vials, except for the controls.?After adding Rose Bengal, all subsequent procedures were performed under dark conditions.?Vials with bacterial suspensions with or without Rose Bengal were held tight to the bottom of an ultrasonic bath in a plastic holder VU03H ?and treated by ultrasound at a frequency of 38 kHz and a field strength of 4.1 W/cm^3 for 1 to 10 min. After the treatment, 100 μL samples were diluted by several decimal dilutions and were spread over BHA plates with a Drigalsky spreader.?The plates were incubated at 37 °C overnight and the bacterial cell concentration was determined taking dilutions into account using the viable count method, where CFU were counted by means of a colony counter Scan 500.?In control experiments, bacterial cultures were tested in the absence of Rose Bengal without sonication, in the absence of Rose Bengal under sonication and in the presence of Rose Bengal without sonication[1].