1. Stearic acid (Cetylacetic acid) can reduce metastatic tumor burden. 2. Stearic acid leads to dramatically reduced visceral fat likely by causing the apoptosis of preadipocytes. 3. Stearic acid and its derivatives have been used as gelators in food and pharmaceutical gel formulations. 4. Stearic acid is a potent phosphatase 1B inhibitor, possibly causing an enhancement in the insulin receptor signaling to stimulate glucose uptake into adipocytes. 5. Stearic acid has the potential to increase dry matter intake and yields of milk and milk components, without affecting conversion of feed to milk, body condition score, or body weight.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a uracil analog and inhibitor of DNA synthesis, exhibiting antitumor activity by affecting pyrimidine synthesis through thymidylate synthase inhibition; it induces apoptosis and autophagy.

Metronidazole (Metronidazol) is a synthetic nitroimidazole derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activities.

Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW 4500-5500) is an anhydrous glucose polymer with a molecular weight range of 4500-5500. It inhibits human immunodeficiency virus replication by preventing viral adsorption to host cells and is commonly used to model inflammatory bowel disease. The high negative charge from its sulfate groups damages the intestinal mucosal barrier, leading to intestinal barrier dysfunction, macrophage impairment, and bacterial flora disorder.

Myricetin (Cannabiscetin) is a natural flavonoid and MEK1 inhibitor. Myricetin has hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities.

Sorafenib (Bay 43-9006) is a multikinase inhibitor that targets Raf-1, B-Raf, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, VEGFR4, PDGFRβ, FLT3, c-Kit, and others (IC50=6/22/90/15/20/20/57/58 nM) with oral activity. It exhibits antitumor properties and can induce autophagy, apoptosis, and agonistic iron death.

Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an N-acetyl derivative of cysteine, a ROS inhibitor and mucolytic agent. Acetylcysteine induces apoptosis, can be used to reduce mucus thickness, and has anti-influenza viral activity.

Kaempferol (Robigenin) is a natural flavonoid and an inverse agonist of ERRα and ERRγ. Kaempferol has a wide range of antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral activities.