Penicillin G sodium(Benzylpenicillin sodium) salt is a penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.

Tebuconazole is an agricultural azole fungicide. It can also inhibit CYP51 (IC50s: 0.9 and 1.3 μM for Candida albicans CYP51 and truncated Homo sapiens CYP51, respectively).

Methionine (D-Methionine) (MRX-1024; D-Methionine) is an effective chemoprotective agent which can also inhibit the neuronal activity through GABAA receptor activation.

Fenofibrate (Lipanthyl) is a PPARα agonist (EC50=30 μM) and is selective. Fenofibrate also inhibits cytochrome P450 isoforms, such as CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4. Fenofibrate exhibits antihyperlipidemic activity.

Apigenin (NSC 83244) is an aromatic oil extracted from the flowers or leaves of the daisy-like plants. Extracts, oils and teas made from chamomile are used for its soothing qualities as a sedative, mild analgesic and sleep medication. Apigenin has not been implicated in causing serum enzyme elevations or clinically apparent liver injury.

Tauroursodeoxycholate (UR 906), also known as ursodoxicoltaurine, is a highly hydrophilic tertiary bile acid that is produced in humans at a low concentration. Tauroursodeoxycholate is the more hydrophilic form of ursodeoxycholic acid, which is the more abundant naturally produced bile acid in humans.Tauroursodeoxycholate is being investigated for use in several conditions such as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), insulin resistance, amyloidosis, Cystic Fibrosis, Cholestasis, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Valproic acid sodium salt (Sodium Valproate) is the sodium salt form of valproic acid with anti-epileptic activity. Valproic acid sodium salt is converted into its active form, valproate ion, in blood. Although the mechanism of action remains to be elucidated, Valproic acid sodium salt increases concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, probably due to inhibition of the enzymes responsible for the catabolism of GABA. This potentiates the synaptic actions of GABA. Valproic acid sodium salt may also affect potassium channels, thereby creating a direct membrane-stabilizing effect.

(-)-α-Pinene ((1S)-(-)-Alpha-Pinene) enhances the quantity of NREMS without affecting the intensity of NREMS by prolonging GABAergic synaptic transmission, acting as a partial modulator of GABAA-BZD receptors and directly binding to the BZD binding site of GABAA receptor.