D3R Ligand 1 (compound 23b) is a potent, selective antagonist of the dopamine D3 receptor (Ki=66 nM), incorporating a THPB template. It inhibits both G-protein- and β-arrestin-mediated signaling pathways [1].

Amitifadine hydrochloride (EB-1010 hydrochloride) is a triple reuptake inhibitor (TRI) or serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI).

Pramipexole dihydrochloride hydrate (Mirapex) is the hydrochloride salt of pramipexole, a benzothiazole derivative. As a nonergot dopamine agonist, pramipexole binds to D2 and D3 dopamine receptors in the striatum and substantia nigra of the brain.

L-DOPA (Levodopa) is an amino acid precursor of dopamine with antiparkinsonian properties. Levodopa is a prodrug that is converted to dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase and can cross the blood-brain barrier. When in the brain, levodopa is decarboxylated to dopamine and stimulates the dopaminergic receptors, thereby compensating for the depleted supply of endogenous dopamine seen in Parkinson's disease. To assure that adequate concentrations of levodopa reach the central nervous system, it is administered with carbidopa, a decarboxylase inhibitor that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, thereby diminishing the decarboxylation and inactivation of levodopa in peripheral tissues and increasing the delivery of dopamine to the CNS.

Liafensine(BMS-820836) is a novel and selective triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor with inhibitory effects on the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine for the study of major depressive disorder and central nervous system disorders.