dopamine transporter

MPP+ iodide, the metabolite of a neurotoxin MPTP, causes symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) in animal models by selectively destroying dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. MPP+ induces dopamine transporter (DAT) externalization in dopaminergic (DA)

Fipexide (Attentil, Vigilor), a psychoactive drug of the piperazine chemical class, was developed in Italy in 1983. It was served as a nootropic drug in France and Italy, mainly for the therapy of senile dementia, but is no longer in common use because of the occurrence of rare drug side-effects including hepatitis and fever.

Desipramine hydrochloride (Norimipramine) ,a secondary amine tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), is the hydrochloride salt form of desipramine. In the central nervous system (CNS), Desipramine hydrochloride blocks the re-uptake of neurotransmitters, including norepinephrine and serotonin. This leads to an increase in the amount of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft and prolongs their activities postsynaptically.

Adrenalone hydrochloride (Adrenalone HCl) is a dopamine β-oxidase inhibitor with a similar structure to the norepinephrine transporter (NET) ligand, with an IC50 of 36.9 μM. It is an adrenergic agonist that acts as a local vasoconstrictor and hemostatic agent.

AHN 1-055 hydrochloride (3α-Bis-(4-fluorophenyl) Methoxytropane hydrochloride) is an inhibitor of dopamine transporter (DAT) and dopamine uptake(IC50 = 71 nM).

Clomipramine hydrochloride (Anafranil) is a tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.

Promazine hydrochloride (Romtiazin hydrochloride) is a phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.

Benztropine mesylate (Benztropine methanesulfonate) is a centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.

5-HT3 receptor agonist

Bisacodyl (Fenilaxan) is a diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of constipation and for bowel evacuation.

J-147 is an experimental drug with reported effects against both Alzheimer's disease and ageing in mouse models of accelerated aging. It is a curcumin derivative and a potent neurogenic and neuroprotective drug candidate initially developed for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions associated with aging that impacts many pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.

Atomoxetine hydrochloride (LY 139603) is the hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine, a phenoxy-3-propylamine derivative and selective non-stimulant, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with cognitive-enhancing activity. Although its precise mechanism of action is unknown, atomoxetine appears to selectively inhibit the pre-synaptic norepinephrine transporter, resulting in inhibition of the presynaptic reabsorption of norepinephrine and prolongation of norepinephrine activity in the synaptic cleft. The effect on cognitive brain function may result in improved attention and decreased impulsivity and activity levels.

WAY-260022 is an orally available and selective norepinephrine transporter protein inhibitor that displays inhibitory effects on serotonin and dopamine transporter proteins.

SK609 HCl (SK609 hydrochloride) is a dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) selective agonist that inhibits norepinephrine transporter proteins and can be used to study Parkinson's disease and cognitive disorders.

Diclofensine (Ro 8-4650) is a monoamine reuptake inhibitor that blocks dopamine (IC50=0.74 nM), norepinephrine (IC50=2.3 nM), and 5-hydroxytryptophan (IC50=3.7 nM) in synaptosomes of the rat brain. dAURK-4 hydrochloride is an inhibitor of dopamine (IC50=0.74 nM), norepinephrine (IC50=2.3 nM) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (IC50=3.7 nM).

BETA-CFT sulfate is a derivative of BETA-CFT, an antagonist of dopamine transporter proteins (DATs).

SPD-473 citrate (BTS 74398 citrate) is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, a norepinephrine transporter protein (NET) inhibitor, and a 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor, and is used in the study of neurological disorders and endocrine and metabolic diseases.

Diclofensine hydrochloride (Ro 8-4650 hydrochloride) is a Novel Antidepressant, on Peripheral Adrenergic Function

GBR 12935 dihydrochloride (GBR 12935) can induce the increase of the extracellular levels of dopamine to basal levels.

Rimcazole dihydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of Rimcazole, a σ receptor antagonist. Rimcazole dihydrochloride also binds to dopamine transporter proteins and inhibits dopamine uptake.

Bicifadine, also known as DOV-220075, CL 220,075, is a SNDR inhibitor potentially for the treatment of lower back pain. Bicifadine has a non-opioid, non-NSAID mechanism for the treatment of pain, which should have less abuse potential than opioid drugs and less propensity to cause gastric ulcers than NSAID drugs. While the drug is purported to be a serotonin (SERT) and noradrenaline transporter (NET) inhibitor, it also has effects at the dopamine transporter (DAT), effectively making it a broad-spectrum monoamine transporter inhibitor or triple reuptake inhibitor.

Dasotraline hydrochloride (SEP-225289 hydrochloride) is a triple reuptake inhibitor that inhibits dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters with IC50 values of 4, 6, and 11 nM, respectively.

Potent and selective inhibitor of the glial glycine transporter GlyT1b (IC50 = 6.9 nM). Displays negligible activity at GlyT-2, adrenoreceptors, dopamine, 5HT receptors and noradrenaline, dopamine, 5HT and GABA transporters (pIC50 in vivo. Chue et al (2013) Glycine reuptake inhibition as a new therapeutic approach in schizophrenia: focus on the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1). Curr.Pharm.Des. 19 1311 PMID:23194655 |Brown et al (2001) Discovery and SAR of org 24598-a selective glycine uptake inhibitor. Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett. 11 2007 PMID:11454468 |Williams et al (2003) Development of a scintillation proximity assay for analysis of Na+/Cl- -dependent neurotransmitter transporter activity. Anal. Biochem. 321 31 PMID:12963052

Clomipramine D3 hydrochloride is the deuterium-labeled Clomipramine. Clomipramine is a serotonin transporter, norepinephrine transporter dopamine transporter blocker (Ki: 0.14, 54 and 3 nM).

DOV-216,303 Free Base (DOV-216303) is an inhibitor of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine reuptake with with IC50s of 14, 20 and 78 nM. DOV-216,303 Free Base exhibits antidepressant effects.

Clomipramine D3 is the deuterium-labeled Clomipramine. Clomipramine is a serotonin transporter, norepinephrine transporter dopamine transporter blocker (Ki: 0.14, 54 and 3 nM).

Vanoxerine dihydrochloride (GBR-12909 dihydrochloride) is a potent inhibitor of dopamine uptake (IC50: 1-51 nM).

(S)-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy Duloxetine, an active metabolite of the (S)-duloxetine, functions as a serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Its formation occurs through the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 via a 5- or 6-hydroxy duloxetine intermediate, followed by a catechol duloxetine intermediate. This compound effectively inhibits the serotonin transporter (SERT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and dopamine transporter (DAT) across lipid membranes, with inhibition constants (Kis) of 266, 920, and 2,814 nM, respectively, for human transporters.

JNJ-7925476 HCl is a triple monoamine uptake inhibitor. JNJ-7925476 Salt blocks the dopamine transporter (DAT), norepinephrine transporter (NET) and serotonin transporter (SERT) in the central nervous system. The ED(50) values for JNJ-7925476 occupancy of

Decynium 22 is a plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) inhibitor

Centanafadine hydrochloride (EB-1020 hydrochloride) is a dual inhibitor of norepinephrine (NE) dopamine (DA) transporter, also inhibits serotonin transporter (IC50s: 6 nM, 38 nM, and 83 nM for human NE, DA, and serotonin transporter).

[F-18] FECNT has been widely used to calculate dopamine transporter (DAT) occupancy rates in the brains of non-human primates and can distinguish DAT density differences between Parkinson's disease and healthy human controls.

GBR-12935 is a potent and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It was originally developed in its 3H radiolabelled form for the purpose of mapping the distribution of dopaminergic neurons in the brain by selective labelling of dopamine transporter proteins. This has led to potential clinical uses in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, although selective radioligands such as Ioflupane (¹²³I) are now available for this application. GBR-12935 is now widely used in animal research into Parkinson's disease and the dopamine pathways in the brain. (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBR-12935).

Z1078601926 is an allosteric inhibitor of the human dopamine transporter (hDAT) and exhibits a synergistic effect when combined with Nomifensine [1].

Vanoxerine is an antagonist of dopamine transporter (Ki: 16.9nM).

Centanafadine is a dual inhibitor of norepinephrine (NE) dopamine (DA) transporter, also inhibits serotonin transporter (IC50s: 6 nM, 38 nM, and 83 nM for human NE, DA, and serotonin transporter).

Amitifadine hydrochloride (EB-1010 hydrochloride) is a triple reuptake inhibitor (TRI) or serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI).

Rimcazole is a sigma receptor antagonist. It also binds to the dopamine transporter and inhibiting dopamine uptake.

RTI 336 is used as a chronic brain dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor.

Maprotiline-d3 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of maprotiline by GC- or LC-MS. Maprotiline is a tricyclic antidepressant. It binds to the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and is selective for NET over the serotonin and dopamine transporters. Maprotiline also binds to the serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtype 5-HT2A, as well as histamine H1, muscarinic acetylcholine, α1-adrenergic, and dopamine D2 receptors. In vivo, maprotiline inhibits norepinephrine reuptake in rat brain and peripheral tissues. It reduces isolation-induced aggressive behavior and inhibits electrical foot-shock stimulation-induced belligerence in mice when administered at doses ranging from 3 to 10 mg/kg. Maprotiline also reduces aggressive behavior in rhesus monkeys housed in groups. Formulations containing maprotiline have been used in the treatment of depression and anxiety.

PF-04449613 is a phosphodiesterase 9A (PDE9A) inhibitor (IC50= 22 nM).1It is selective for PDE9A over PDE1C (IC50= >1,000 nM), as well as over a variety of other PDEs, inhibiting PDE2-8, -10, and -11 activity by less than 30% in a panel of enzymes, ion channels, and transporters at 1 μM but does inhibit the human dopamine transporter (DAT; Ki= 293 nM). PF-04449613 (0.1-100 mg/kg, s.c.) increases cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of cyclic GMP (cGMP) in rats. Subcutaneous administration of PF-04449613 (10 mg/kg) increases the rate of dendritic spine formation and elimination in mouse primary motor cortex pyramidal neuronsin vivo.2It increases the average running speed of mice in an accelerating rotarod task, indicating improved motor learning, at the same dose. 1.Claffey, M.M., Helal, C.J., Verhoest, P.R., et al.Application of structure-based drug design and parallel chemistry to identify selective, brain penetrant, in vivo active phosphodiesterase 9A inhibitorsJ. Med. Chem.55(21)9055-9068(2012) 2.Lai, B., Li, M., Hu, A., et al.The phosphodiesterase 9 inhibitor PF-04449613 promotes dendritic spine formation and performance improvement after motor learningDev. Neurobiol.78(9)859-872(2018)

(18F)LBT 999 is a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, used for the quantification of the dopamine transporter (DAT) in the healthy rat brain.

TAS-303 is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor which displays significant norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibitory activity toward serotonin or dopamine transporters. Radioligand-binding studies showed that TAS-303 selectively and potently inhibited [3H]norepinephrine binding to the human NET.

5,7-Dimethoxyluteolin is a natural product from Hovenia acerba. 5,7-Dimethoxyluteolin is a dopamine transporter (DAT) activator with an EC50 of 3.417 μM.

CL-216303 HCl, a dopamine transporter inhibitor and a 5-HT inhibitor, is used potentially for the treatment of depression.