PPP3CA, also known as protein phosphatase 2B, is a member of the PPP phosphatase family, PP-2B subfamily. It is the alpha catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B). PP2B is a holoenzyme that is comprised of a catalytic subunit associated with regulatory subunits. It is a calcium regulated enzyme that is activated by calmodulin and participates in the signaling cascades involved in development of the nervous, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal systems. PPP3CA activates the T cells of the immune system and can be blocked by drugs. It also activates NFATc (a transcription factor) by dephosphorylating it. The activated NFATc is subsequently translocated into the nucleus, where it upregulates the expression of interleukin 2. PPP3CA interacts with CRTC2, MYOZ1, MYOZ2 and MYOZ3. It also interacts with DNM1L. The interaction dephosphorylates DNM1L and regulates its translocation to mitochondria.

Protein CYR61, also known as CCN family member 1, Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61,Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 10 , GIG1, CYR61, CCN1 and IGFBP10, belongs to the CCN family, CYR61 is a secreted protein and contains one CTCK (C-terminal cystine knot-like) domain,one IGFBP N-terminal domain,one TSP type-1 domain and one VWFC domain. CYR61 promotes cell proliferation, chemotaxis, angiogenesis and cell adhesion. CYR61 plays important roles in inflammation and tissue repair. CYR61 is associated with diseases related to chronic inflammation, including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes-related nephropathy and retinopathy, and many different forms of cancers.