mkk 4

Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4, also known as MAP kinase kinase 4, MAPKK4, JNK-activating kinase 1, MAPK ERK kinase 4, SAPK ERK kinase 1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase kinase 1, JNKK, and MAP2K4, is a protein that belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, STE Ser Thr protein kinase family and MAP kinase kinase subfamily. MAP2K4 JNKK1 is a protein kinase that is a direct activator of MAP kinases in response to various environmental stresses or mitogenic stimuli. MAP2K4 JNKK1 has been shown to activate MAPK8 JNK1, MAPK9 JNK2, and MAPK14 p38, but not MAPK1 ERK2 or MAPK3 ERK1. MAP2K4 JNKK1 is phosphorylated, and thus activated by MAP3K1 MEKK. The stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) pathways represent phosphorylation cascades that convey pro-apoptotic signals. The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) homolog MAP2K4 ( MKK4, SEK, JNKK1 ) is a centrally-placed mediator of the SAPK pathways.

Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2, also known as MAP kinase kinase 2, MAPKK2, ERK activator kinase 2, MAPK ERK kinase 2, MEK2 and MAP2K2, is a member of the protein kinase superfamily, STE Ser Thr protein kinase family and MAP kinase kinase subfamily. MAP2K2 MEK2 contains one protein kinase domain. MEK1 and MEK2 (also known as MAP2K1 and MAP2K2, respectively) are evolutionarily conserved, dual-specificity kinases that mediate Erk1 and Erk2 activation during adhesion and growth factor signaling. MAP2K1 MEK1 is a crucial modulator of Mek and Erk signaling and have potential implications for the role of MEK1 and MEK2 in tumorigenesis. MAP2K2 MEK2 catalyzes the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Glu-Tyr sequence located in MAP kinases. It also activates the ERK1 and ERK2 MAP kinases. Defects in MAP2K2 are a cause of Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome (CFC Syndrome) which is characterized by a distinctive facial appearance, heart defects, and mental retardation. Heart defects include pulmonic stenosis, atrial septal defects, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy