monophosphoryl lipid a

Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), also known as Glucopyranosyl lipid A, is an agonist of toll-like receptor 4. Derived from the cell wall of nonpathogenic Salmonella, MPLA is a valuable compound for research on immunization and vaccine development.

ADL 08-0011 is an active metabolite of the μ-opioid receptor antagonist alvimopan. It is produced from alvimopan via amide hydrolysis by gut microbiota. ADL 08-0011 is a μ-opioid receptor antagonist (Ki = 0.25 nM). It is selective for μ-opioid receptors over κ- and δ-opioid receptors (Kis = 15.8 and 31.6 nM, respectively). ADL 08-0011 inhibits endomorphin 1-induced inhibition of electrically induced contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum (pA2 = 9.4). In vivo, ADL 08-0011 (0.03-1 mg/kg) reverses loperamide-induced delayed gastric emptying in a rat model of castor oil-induced diarrhea.

Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) is a natural agonist for the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4). It is useful as an adjuvant in immunization. MPLA is a safe prophylactic agent and has immunotherapeutic applications. It induces tumor necrosis factor and interleukin (IL)-1β, however not as efficient as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MPLA improves immune response during bacterial sepsis infection.