LY294002 (SF 1101) is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of PI3K, inhibiting PI3Kα, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kβ (IC50=0.5/0.57/0.97 μM). LY294002 is also an inhibitor of DNA-PK (IC50=1.4 μM) and an inhibitor of CK2 (IC50=98 nM). LY294002 activates apoptosis and autophagy.

RS-25344 is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitor. It inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis and increases progressive motility of spermatozoa in vitro.

LY-294002 hydrochloride (NSC 697286) is a synthetic molecule inhibitor of PI3Kα/δ/β (IC50: 0.5/0.57/0.97 μM, in cell-free assays); more stable than Wortmannin in solution, and also is a blocker of autophagosome formation.

5α-Cholesta-7,24-dien-3β-ol, a sterol, is present in mature spermatozoa of hamster cauda epididymis.

Lewis a trisaccharide (Lewis a) constitutes a significant component of the glycan structures on spermatozoa and is also a major constituent of the glycans on the surface of HL-60 cells [1].

Bourgeonal is an agonist of human testicular olfactory receptor hOR17-4. It increases cytosolic calcium levels in human spermatozoa, acts as a chemoattractant, and increases swimming speed in sperm chemotaxis assays in a concentration-dependent manner.