antibacterial compound 2

Antibacterial compound 2 is a potent antimicrobial agent effective against many human veterinary pathogens, inhibiting multi-drug resistant staphylococci, enterococci and streptococci, as well as anaerobic bacteria.

Antibacterial compound 1 is an antibacterial compound.

Antibacterial synergist 2, functioning as a biofilm inhibitor, demonstrates inhibitory effects against pathogens such as S. enterica, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. This compound is applicable in research concerning biofilm-forming pathogens.

Compound 2 is used for the research of metabolic bone diseases.

MDH1/2 inhibitor compound 16c is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T64662.

New compound 2 is available for research in the life sciences and is product number TN6550.

2-[(2S,5S)-5-(carbamoylmethyl)-3,6-dioxopiperazin-2-yl]acetamide is a compound used as a molecular structural unit, a cyclic dipeptide. It induces apoptosis, inhibits cell proliferation and modulates immune responses, and possesses a wide range of biological activities including antitumor, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral and immune-conditioning activities.

2,6-Dimethylbenzoquinone (2,6-Dimethylquinone) is a benzoquinone, a chemical compound found in Rauvolfia vomitoria and in Tibouchina pulchra.At physiological concentrations 2, 6-Dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone is an antibacterial substance

Ajoene is a disulfide that has been found inA. sativumand has diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, antiplatelet, and antioxidant properties.1,2,3,4It is active against Gram-positive (MICs = 5-160 µg/ml) and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 136-200 µg/ml), as well as yeasts (MICs = 10-20 µg/ml).1Ajoene is cytotoxic to mouse melanoma cells (IC50= 18 µM), as well as human colon, lung, mammary, and pancreatic cancer cells (IC50s = 7-41 µM).2It reduces tumor growth in a B16/BL6 mouse model of melanoma when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg every other day and decreases the number of lung metastases when administered prior to tumor cell inoculation at doses ranging from 1-25 mg/kg. It inhibits ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation in isolated baboon platelets when used at concentrations ranging from 75 to 150 µg/ml and in platelet-rich plasma isolated from baboons when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg.3Ajoene (25 mg/kg) prevents thrombus formation on damaged arterial walls in heparinized pigs in anin situmodel of thrombogenesis.5It also reduces high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, histopathological markers of liver damage, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation, and protein oxidation in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).4 1.Naganawa, R., Iwata, N., Ishikawa, K., et al.Inhibition of microbial growth by ajoene, a sulfur-containing compound derived from garlicAppl. Environ. Microbiol.62(11)4238-4242(1996) 2.Taylor, P., Noriega, R., Farah, C., et al.Ajoene inhibits both primary tumor growth and metastasis of B16/BL6 melanoma cells in C57BL/6 miceCancer Lett.239(2)298-304(2006) 3.Teranishi, K., Apitz-Castro, R., Robson, S.C., et al.Inhibition of baboon platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo by the garlic derivative, ajoeneXenotransplantation10(4)374-379(2003) 4.Han, C.Y., Ki, S.H., Kim, Y.W., et al.Ajoene, a stable garlic by-product, inhibits high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and oxidative injury through LKB1-dependent AMPK activationAntioxid. Redox Signal.14(2)187-202(2011) 5.Apitz-Castro, R., Badimon, J.J., and Badimon, L.A garlic derivative, ajoene, inhibits platelet deposition on severely damaged vessel wall in an in vivo porcine experimental modelThromb. Res.75(3)243-249(1994)

Pulcherriminic acid, a cyclic dipeptide antimicrobial compound predominantly found in Bacillus and yeast, exhibits a strong affinity for Fe3+. It chelates iron ions via a non-enzymatic reaction, forming the extracellular red pigment pulcherrimin. This pigment competes for iron nutrition, thereby exerting an antibacterial effect. Pulcherriminic acid holds significant potential for applications in the food, agriculture, and medical industries [1] [2].

Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase-IN-2 (compound 4dq), a β-carboline 1-hydrazide inhibitor, exhibits both antifungal and antibacterial properties by targeting glutamyltransferase. Its mode of action includes inducing reactive oxygen species accumulation, compromising cell membranes, and disrupting histone acetylation processes [1].

3′-Omethyl-5′-hydroxydiplacone (compound 2), a C-6-geranylflavonoid isolated from the ethanol extract of Paulownia tomentosa fruits, exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria [1].

3-O-Methylellagic acid, a natural product isolated from Myrciaria cauliflora, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. This compound not only inhibits glucose transport but also demonstrates a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 32 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 [1] [2] [3].

DNA gyrase B-IN-2 (Compound E), a 2-aminobenzothiazole derivative, serves as a potent inhibitor of DNA gyrase B with substantial efficacy against ESKAPE pathogens. The compound exhibits potent nanomolar-range inhibition (IC 50 < 10 nM) and a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, with minimum inhibitory concentrations below 0.03 μg/mL for most Gram-positive species and between 4–16 μg/mL for Gram-negative species including E. coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. DNA gyrase B-IN-2 is applicable in infection research [1].

CRAMP-18 (mouse) is an antibiotic peptide with demonstrated efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria, including S. typhimurium and P. aeruginosa, while exhibiting no hemolytic activity. This compound shows promise for research into antifungal, antibacterial, and antitumor applications [1] [2].

Amifloxacin (Win49375) is a synthetic antibacterial compound and showed moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with MICs of less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml.

LtaS-IN-2 (compound 13), a derivative of LtaS-IN-1 [1], is an LTA synthesis inhibitor with antibacterial properties against S. aureus and S. epidermidis, exhibiting MIC90 values of 0.5 μg/mL and 1 μg/mL, respectively.

Antibiofilm Agent-2 (Compound 4T) serves as a potent biofilm inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 of 3.6 μM, and impairs the quorum sensing system along with iron homeostasis, acting as antibacterial synergists against Pseudomonas aeruginosa [1].

ATP Synthesis-IN-2 (Compound 5) serves as a potent inhibitor of ATP synthesis activity, displaying significant antibacterial properties with an IC50 value of 0.7 μg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) [1].

SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro-IN-4 (Compound 5g) is a multifunctional inhibitor of SARS CoV-2 3CLpro, exhibiting antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal activities.

Harzianopyridone is an atpenin-like compound that functions as an inhibitor of mammalian and nematode mitochondrial complex II, also known as succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR), demonstrating IC50 values of 0.017, 0.2, and 2 μM against bovine, rat, and nematode complex II, respectively. Additionally, it inhibits nematode quinol-fumarate reductase (QFR) with an IC50 value of 0.36 μM. Significantly selective for complex II over complexes I and III in rats and cattle, as well as complex I in nematodes, with IC50 values exceeding 100 μM, it exhibits notable antibacterial and antifungal properties, with EC50 values of 35.9, 42.2, 60.4, and 50.2 μg/ml against R. solani, S. rolfsii, M. phaseolina, and F. oxysporum, respectively.

MtTMPK-IN-4 (compound 2), a para-piperidine, is a highly potent inhibitor of thymidylate kinase (MtTMPK) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, exhibiting an IC50 value of 6.1 μM. Additionally, it possesses remarkable inhibitory activity against tyrosinase. Furthermore, MtTMPK-IN-4 exhibits potent antibacterial properties [1] [2].

MraY-IN-2 (compound 6) is an effective inhibitor of bacterial transposase MraY (IC50=4.5 μ M), and can be used for antibacterial research.

Sulfisoxazole diethanolamine, also known as Sulfafurazole diethanolamine, is a sulfonamide antibacterial compound with an oxazole substituent. It acts as an endothelin receptor antagonist, specifically targeting endothelin receptor A with an IC50 value of 0.60 μM and endothelin receptor B with an IC50 value of 22 μM. Additionally, Sulfisoxazole diethanolamine has been found to inhibit the release of breast cancer exosomes by specifically targeting endothelin receptor A [1] [2].

Cephalexin (Cefalexin) hydrochloride monohydrate is a potent, orally active, semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with a broad antibacterial spectrum against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It operates by targeting penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis. This compound is utilized in the research of various bacterial infections, including pneumonia, strep throat, and bacterial endocarditis [1] [2].

Isocryptomerin, a membrane-active antifungal compound isolated from Selaginella tamariscina, not only depolarizes fungal plasma membranes but also exhibits anticancer and antibacterial activities [1] [2].

VEGFR-2/DHFR-IN-1 (compound 8b) is a chemical inhibitor targeting VEGFR-2 and DHFR, exhibiting IC50 values of 0.384 μM and 7.881 μM, respectively. It demonstrates effective antibacterial properties against a range of pathogens including Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Salmonella enterica, MSSA, and MRSA, with MIC values ranging from 8 to 16 μg/mL. Additionally, this compound shows potent cytotoxic effects against various cancer cell lines such as C26, HepG2, and MCF7, with IC50 values between 2.97 and 7.12 μM, rendering it a valuable tool for cancer research [1].

1. Artemisic acid ((+)-Artemisinic Acid) shows antibacterial activity. 2. Artemisinic acid is a major precursor of artemisinin (an antimalaric compound), isolated as the active principles of the medicinal plant Artemisia annua L.

DNA Gyrase-IN-9 (compound 4j), an antibacterial agent, selectively targets DNA gyrase. It exhibits a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5-2 µg/mL for Gram-positive bacteria inhibition and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 2-8 µg/mL for Gram-positive bacteria eradication. Notably, this compound hinders DNA gyrase activity in Staphylococcus aureus with an IC50 of 6.29 µg/mL [1].

Topoisomerase IV inhibitor 2 (compound 7d) is a potent inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase IV (TOPO IV), exhibiting IC50 values of 0.23 μM for TOPO IV and 0.43 μM for DNA gyrase. It also demonstrates antibacterial efficacy, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.972 μM against Staphylococcus aureus Newman and 0.608 μM against Escherichia coli ATCC8739 [1].

Antimicrobial agent-12 serves as a powerful antibacterial compound that also exhibits inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 [1].

1-Methyl-2-(8E)-8-tridecenyl-4(1H)-quinolinone exhibits strong antibacterial properties, demonstrating an MIC 50 of 22 µM and an MIC 90 of 50 µM against Helicobacter pylori Strain 51. This compound shows promise for research into gastric and duodenal ulcers [1].

Antibacterial agent 112 (compound 2) is a potent antibacterial agent. subtilis (MIC: 1250 μM), E. coli (MIC: 1250 μM), E. faecalis (MIC: 1250 μM), S. typhimuriumand (MIC: 1250 μM) and S. aureus microorganisms (MIC: 1250 μM). A3N19 is an HIV-1 antibody with antibacterial activity.

Metallo-β-lactamase-IN-8 (compound 17) is a potent, reversible and competitive broad-spectrum metallo-β-lactamases (MβLs) inhibitor with antibacterial activity. The IC50 values of Metallo-β-lactamase-IN-8 against L1, ImiS, IMP-1 and VIM-2 are 1.3 μM, 5.7 μM, 9.8 μM, and 9.9 μM, respectively [1].

MurA-IN-2 (compound 37), a potent MurA inhibitor characterized by a chloroacetamide fragment with a primary aliphatic amine, exhibits antibacterial activity by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, demonstrated by an IC50 of 39 μM [1].

1-Isothiocyanato-6-(methylsulfenyl)-hexane, identified in wasabi (W. japonica), exhibits multifaceted biological activities. This isothiocyanate compound demonstrates antibacterial properties by inhibiting B. subtilis growth in an agar diffusion assay at 25 µmol/disc, and antifungal effectiveness against T. mentagrophytes with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 µg/ml. Additionally, it acts as a repellent in the blue mussel (M. edulis) assay and shows antifouling capabilities on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plates at a concentration of 50 µmol/cm^2, underscoring its potential in biotechnological applications.

Thiocillin I, a thiopeptide antibiotic, demonstrates potent in vitro antibacterial effects against Gram-positive bacteria. This compound exhibits minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2 μg/mL, 0.5 μg/mL, 4 μg/mL, and 0.5 μg/mL against S. aureus 1974149, E. faecalis 1674621, B. subtilis ATCC 6633, and S. pyogenes 1744264, respectively.

Topoisomerase IV inhibitor 2 (compound 5d) is a potent inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase IV (TOPO IV), exhibiting IC50 values of 0.35 μM for TOPO IV and 0.55 μM for DNA gyrase. It also demonstrates antibacterial properties, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1.985 μM against Staphylococcus aureus Newman and 0.744 μM against Escherichia coli ATCC8739 [1].

Compound C-2 (Antibacterial agent 109) is a potent antibacterial agent effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is non-mutagenic and functions by inhibiting protein synthesis, specifically by preventing the extension of new peptide chains [1].

Antimicrobial Agent-10 demonstrates exceptional antibacterial activity and inhibits SARS-CoV-2, positioning it as a potent antimicrobial compound [1].

AVX 13616, Avexa's leading antibacterial candidate, demonstrates significant in vivo antibacterial efficacy, especially against drug-resistant Staphylococcus pathogens, with an IC50 value of 2-4 µg/ml (MICs) and is targeted as an antibacterial agent. Comparable in activity to mupirocin within a nasal decolonization model, AVX13616 necessitated only a single application for effectiveness. This compound, alongside others, exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial action, achieving MICs of 2-4 micrograms per milliliter against various isolates, including S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, enterococci, MRSA, VISA, and VRSA. Aimed for topical use and the treatment of wound infection or catheter-related infections, a solitary 5% (w/w) AVX13616 application (roughly equivalent to 2% mupirocin) proved as efficacious as twice-daily 2% mupirocin over five days in decolonizing MRSA in mice.

Bismuth subcarbonate, also known as bismuth carbonate oxide, is a versatile semiconductor compound based on bismuth, commonly utilized for its antibacterial properties, as well as in various applications such as sensors, super capacitors, and photocatalysts. Additionally, bismuth subcarbonate serves as a protective agent against gastric acid erosion, particularly in the treatment of gastric ulcers[1][2].

Sitafloxacin (DU6859a) monohydrate is a potent, oral fluoroquinolone antibiotic with antichlamydial and broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against gram-positive, gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria, and atypical pathogens. This compound is effective in researching respiratory and urinary tract infections [1] [2].

Ppc-1 is a chemical compound known for its inhibitory effects on the Gram-negative periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. It acts as a mitochondrial uncoupler, enhancing mitochondrial oxygen consumption without affecting ATP production. Additionally, Ppc-1 serves as a cell-permeate inhibitor of interleukin-2 (IL-2). This compound exhibits various beneficial activities, including anti-obesity, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Galegine hydrochloride, a guanidine derivative derived from G. officinalis, plays a role in inducing weight loss in mice and has contributed to the development of biguanides, including metformin and phenformin. This compound stimulates AMPK activation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, L6 myotubes, H4IIE rat hepatoma, and HEK293 human kidney cell lines. Additionally, galegine hydrochloride exhibits antibacterial properties, particularly demonstrating a minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 mg/L against Staphylococcus aureus strains[1][2].

VIM-2-IN-1 (compound 1dj) is a β-lactamase inhibitor with antibacterial activity. IC50: 48 μM) and New Delhi Metal (NDM-1) (IC50: 231 μM).

14α-Demethylase/DNA Gyrase-IN-2 (Compound 6a) is a potent inhibitor of 14α-Demethylase/DNA Gyrase with antibacterial activity.