1. Berberine (Umbellatine) is a potent oral hypoglycemic agent with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. 2. Berberine may as a broad-spectrum anti-microbial medicine, a complementary therapeutic agent for HIV/AIDS. 3. Berberine seems to act as an herbal antidepressant and a neuroprotector against neurodegenerative disorders. 4. Berberine is used in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a colour index of 7516. 5. Berberine reduces hepatic fat content in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also prevents proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are central for the development of fibrosis during liver injury. 6. Berberine can ameliorate proinflammatory cytokines-induced intestinal epithelial tight junction damage in vitro, and berberine may be one of the targeted therapeutic agents that can restore barrier function in intestinal disease states. 7. Berberine has antineoplastic effects, including breast cancer, leukemia, melanoma, epidermoid carcinoma, hepatoma, pancreatic cancer, oral carcinoma, tongue carcinoma, glioblastoma, prostate carcinoma and gastric carcinoma, etc.

Berberine hydrogen sulphate (Umbellatine Sulfate) , an alkaloid extracted from several plants, possesses antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of microorganisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.

Berberine chloride (Natural Yellow 18) is an alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae and also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic to parenterally but has been used orally for various fungal and parasitic infections and an anti-diarrheal.

Berberine chloride hydrate (Natural Yellow 18 chloride hydrate) is an alkaloid commonly used as an antibiotic.Berberine chloride hydrate has antitumor activity, induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibits DNA topoisomerase.

Berberine sulfate (Berberal) is a quaternary ammonium salt of the benzylisoquinoline alkaloid proto-berberines, which can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity and metabolism-related fatty liver disease.

1-Methoxyberberine chloride is a potential antifungal agent.

Tetrahydroepiberberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, has antifungal and selective inhibition against the PI-3 virus activities.

(R)-(+)-Tetrahydroberberine, the inactive isomer of (S)-(-)-Tetrahydroberberine, serves as an experimental control. The latter, an alkaloid and intermediate in berberine biosynthesis, exhibits insecticidal activity [1].

1. Epiberberine may be caused drug interactions based on CYP2D6 enzyme. 2. Epiberberine has anti-adipogenic effect is mediated by downregulation of the Raf/MEK1/ERK1/2 and AMPKα/Akt pathways during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. 3. Epiberberine, as the brightest FSA emitter among the alkaloids, can also serve as an efficient conformation probe for HTG DNA and discriminate the DNA G-quadruplex from the RNA counterpart.

Epiberberine chloride (Epiberberine (chloride)) is an alkaloid isolated from Coptis chinensis, acts as a potent AChE and BChE inhibitor, and a non-competitive BACE1 inhibitor (IC50s: 1.07, 6.03 and 8.55 μM).

Oxyberberine (8-Oxoberberine) is isolated from the methanol extract of A. mexicana. It has been used to study the SW480 human colon cancer cell line.

Demethyleneberberine, which is composed of a potential antioxidant structure, could penetrate the membrane of mitochondria and accumulate in mitochondria either in vitro or in vivo.Demethyleneberberine suppresses CYP2E1, hypoxia inducible factor α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, which contributes to oxidative stress and restored sirtuin 1/AMP-activated protein kinase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α pathway-associated fatty acid oxidation in chronic ethanol-fed mice.

Dihydroberberine has anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic and antitumor activities. It inhibits human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channels and remarkably reduces Hsp90 expression and its interaction with hERG.

Tetrahydroberberine (Canadine) is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from corydalis tuber, has a micromolar affinity for dopamine D(2) receptors.

13-Methylberberine chloride shows anti-adipogenic effect on 3T3-L1 adipocytes, it has potential as an anti-obesity drug

8-Oxoepiberberine (Oxyepiberberine) is an alkaloid metabolite in the plasma after oral administration of Zuojin formula. Zuojin formula is a traditional chinese medicine used to treat gastrointestinal disease.

2,3-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde (5,6-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde) is a benzoic acid analog, with high Antifungal activity (MIC=2.5 mM). 2,3-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde could be used for the synthesis of berberine.

Sideroxylin can synergistically enhance the antimicrobial activity of the alkaloid berberine (also a constituent of H. canadensis) against Staphylococcus aureus by inhibition of the NorA multidrug resistance pump.

Roemerine ((-)-Roemerine) is a porphyrin alkaloid from Senegalese lychee with antifungal and anticancer activity that prevents berberine efflux through inhibition of Bmr. Roemerine increases cell membrane permeability in a concentration-dependent manner and has been used in studies of fungal infections and prostate cancer.

Stachyose hydrate is a natual product,it highly promotes proliferation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) by inducing LAB to produce more α-galactosidase to hydrolyze stachyose.

Oxypalmatine (8-Oxypalmatine) is a berberine-type alkaloid isolated from Phellodendron amurense that regulates breast cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis by inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling and its efficacy in breast cancer-like organs.