camk 2

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II beta (CAMK2B) is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family and to the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. CaMKII is an important player in prostate cancer cells ability to escape apoptosis under androgen ablation and facilitate the progression of prostate cancer cells to an androgen independent state. As a multifunctional protein kinase, the loss of activity may play a critical role in initiating the changes leading to ischemia-induced cell death. CaMKII are found to be important for the functions of immune cells. CaMKII can be activated by TLR ligands, and in turn promotes both myeloid differentiating factor 88 and Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein-inducing IFN-beta-dependent inflammatory responses by directly activating TAK1 and IRF3. CAMKII has four subunit isoforms (alpha, beta, gamma, delta). It is possible that distinct isoforms of this chain have different cellular localizations and interact differently with calmodulin. The alpha- and beta-isoforms have narrow distributions restricted mainly to neuronal tissues, but the gamma- and delta-isoforms are ubiquitously expressed within neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. CAMK2B is important for controlling the direction of plasticity at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse. CaMK2 is involved in neuronal survival through the reorganization of the neuroarchitecture and that the regulation of this role is controlled at the level of gene expression. Because CaMK2B influences the expression of many neuroreceptors and influences neural outgrowth and pruning, its altered expression in the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia or depression may contribute to schizophrenia and depression.

CAMK2D Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 63.1 kDa and the accession number is Q13557.

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase2A (CAMK2A) belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family and, together with other 28 different isoforms, belongs to the Ca2+/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. CaM kinase Ⅱ is thought to be an important mediator of learning and memory and is also necessary for Ca2+homeostasis and reuptake in cardiomyocytes chloride transport in epithelia, positive T-cell selection, and CD8 T-cell activation. CAMKIIA is one of the major forms of CAMKII. It has been found to play a critical role in sustaining activation of CAMKII at the postsynaptic density. Studies have found that knockout mice without CAMKIIA demonstrate a low frequency of LTP. Additionally, these mice do not form persistent, stable place cells in the hippocampus.

Potent and specific inhibitor of CaM-kinase II (CAMK2). CAMK2N1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Trx) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-Trx tag. The predicted molecular weight is 25.6 kDa and the accession number is Q7Z7J9.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase D3, also known as Protein kinase C nu type, Protein kinase EPK2, PRKD3, EPK2 and PRKCN, is a cytoplasm and membrane protein that belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family and PKD subfamily. PRKD3 / PRKCN contains one PH domain, two phorbol-ester/DAG-type zinc fingers and one protein kinase domain. Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. They also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play a distinct role. PRKD3 / PRKCN converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals into prolonged physiological effects, downstream of PKC. It is involved in resistance to oxidative stress. PRKD3 / PRKCN is activated by DAG and phorbol esters. Phorbol-ester/DAG-type domains 1 and 2 bind both DAG and phorbol ester with high affinity and mediate translocation to the cell membrane. Autophosphorylation of Ser-735 and phosphorylation of Ser-731 by PKC relieves auto-inhibition by the PH domain. PRKD3 / PRKCN can be activated rapidly by the agonists of G protein-coupled receptors. It resides in both cytoplasm and nucleus, and its nuclear accumulation is found to be dramatically enhanced in response to its activation. PRKD3 / PRKCN can also be activated after B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) engagement, which requires intact phospholipase C gamma and the involvement of other PKC family members.

Death-associated protein kinase 1, also known as DAP kinase 1, DAPK1 and DAPK, is a cytoplasm protein which belongs to theprotein kinase superfamily, CAMK Ser / Thr protein kinase family and DAP kinase subfamily. DAPK1 contains tenANK repeats, onedeath domain and oneprotein kinase domain. DAPK1 is a calcium / calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine kinase which acts as a positive regulator of apoptosis. DAPK1 gene is a candidate tumor suppressor (TSG) and the abnormal methylation of DAPK1 gene has been found in many carcinomas. DAPK1 over-expression can induce cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor cell metastasis. DAPK1 gene over-expression could suppress PGCl3 cells malignant phenotype, inhibit PGCl3 cells growth, invasive, migration and adhesion ability, upregulate p53 gene and downregulate bcl-2 gene. Loss of activity of death-associated protein kinase 1 ( DAPK1 ) may be an independent factor affecting survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients. DAPK1 promoter methylation might play a significant role in the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia ( CML ).