SMAD Family Member 4 (SMAD4) is a cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the Dwarfin/SMAD family. SMAD4 contains one MH1 (MAD homology 1) domain and one MH2 (MAD homology 2) domain. It is the component of the heterotrimeric SMAD2/SMAD3-SMAD4 complex that forms in the nucleus and is required for the TGF-mediated signaling. SMAD4 promotes binding of the SMAD2/SMAD4/FAST-1 complex to DNA and provides an activation function required for SMAD1 or SMAD2 to stimulate transcription. SMAD4 may act as a tumor suppressor. It positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator. Mutations or deletions in SMAD4 have been shown to result in pancreatic cancer, juvenile polyposis syndrome, and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia syndrome.

Tyrosine kinase that functions as cell surface receptor for fibrillar collagen and regulates cell attachment to the extracellular matrix, remodeling of the extracellular matrix, cell migration, differentiation, survival and cell proliferation. Collagen binding triggers a signaling pathway that involves SRC and leads to the activation of MAP kinases. Regulates remodeling of the extracellular matrix by up-regulation of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP2, MMP7 and MMP9, and thereby facilitates cell migration and wound healing. Required for normal blastocyst implantation during pregnancy, for normal mammary gland differentiation and normal lactation. Required for normal ear morphology and normal hearing. Promotes smooth muscle cell migration, and thereby contributes to arterial wound healing. Also plays a role in tumor cell invasion. Phosphorylates PTPN11.

May be involved in cell growth. Probably acts as a terminal oxidase of plasma electron transport from cytosolic NAD(P)H via hydroquinones to acceptors at the cell surface. Hydroquinone oxidase activity alternates with a protein disulfide-thiol interchange/oxidoreductase activity which may control physical membrane displacements associated with vesicle budding or cell enlargement. The activities oscillate with a period length of 22 minutes and play a role in control of the ultradian cellular biological clock.

HSP90AA1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 36.0 kDa and the accession number is P07900.

May act as a protease inhibitor to modulate the host immune response against tumor cells. Serpin B4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 60.9 kDa and the accession number is P48594.

Ubiquitin-Associated Protein 1 (UBAP1) belongs to the UBA domain family. Members of this family are related to ubiquitin and the ubiquitination pathway. Because of their cytogenetic location, this UBA domain family member is being studied as a putative target for mutation in nasopharyngeal carcinomas. UBAP1 is highly expressed in the heart, brain, placenta, lung, skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreas. UBAP1 consists of two UBA domains and one UMA domain. The ubiquitin associated domain is throught to be a non-covalent ubiquitin binding domain, including a compact three helix bundle.

L-Lactate Dehydrogenase B Chain (LDH-B) is a member of the lactate dehydrogenase family that consists of three members, LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C; members of this family function as powerful markers for germ cell tumors. LDH-B is an oxidoreductase that catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate with concomitant interconversion of NADH and NAD+. It converts pyruvate to lactate when oxygen is absent or in short supply and it performs the reverse reaction during the Cori cycle in the liver. It is also called Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase (HBD) due to its ability to catalyze the oxidation of hydroxybutyrate.

May be involved in cell growth. Probably acts as a terminal oxidase of plasma electron transport from cytosolic NAD(P)H via hydroquinones to acceptors at the cell surface. Hydroquinone oxidase activity alternates with a protein disulfide-thiol interchange/oxidoreductase activity which may control physical membrane displacements associated with vesicle budding or cell enlargement. The activities oscillate with a period length of 22 minutes and play a role in control of the ultradian cellular biological clock.

NSMCE3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 38.4 kDa and the accession number is Q96MG7.

Galectin-8/LGALS8 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 62.8 kDa and the accession number is O00214.

Serpin B3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (N-His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 40-55 KDa and the accession number is P29508.

Breast Carcinoma-Amplified Sequence 2 (BCAS2) is a member of the SPF27 family. BCAS2 is a nuclear protein and widely expressed in many rtissues. BCAS2 is identified as being overexpressed in various breast cancer cell lines. BCAS2 is a component of the spliceosome, taking part in the removal of introns from mRNA precursors. BCAS2 interacts with estrogen receptor alpha and beta, thyroid hormone receptor beta, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. BCAS2 functions as an ER co-activator and is capable of enhancing ER-mediated transcription.

Serpin B3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (C-His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 41-50 KDa and the accession number is P29508.

Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA-Binding Protein 2 (IGFBP2) belongs to the RRM IMP/VICKZ family. IGFBP2 is a cytoplasmic protein and contains four KH domains and two RRM (RNA recognition motif) domains. IGF2BP2 binds to the 5'-UTR of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) mRNA. This binding is isoform-specific. IGF2BP2 may regulate translation of target mRNAs. Genetic variation at the IGF2BP2 gene has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by genome-wide association studies and by replication analyses.

L-Lactate Dehydrogenase A Chain (LDHA) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-lactate and NAD+ to pyruvate and NADH in the final step of anaerobic glycolysis. LDHA contains an N-terminal coenzyme binding region, a central catalytic site, and at least nine utilized Lys acetylation and two Tyr phosphorylation sites. LDHA belongs to the lactate dehydrogenase family, expressed predominantly in muscle tissue. LDHA mutations have been linked to exertional myoglobinuria.

Hyaluronidase-1 (HYAL1) is a secreted lysosomal hyaluronidase that belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 56 family. HYAL1 contains one EGF-like domain and is highly expressed in the liver, kidney, and heart, but it is weakly expressed in the lung, placenta, and skeletal muscle. HYAL1 is thought to be involved in cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. It may play a role in promoting tumor progression and blocking the TGFB1-enhanced cell growth. Mutations in HYAL1 are associated with mucopolysaccharidosis type IX, or hyaluronidase deficiency.

Probable hormone. RETNLB Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 13.4 kDa and the accession number is Q9BQ08.

STK11 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 64.3 kDa and the accession number is Q15831.

PIGR binds polymeric IgA and IgM at the basolateral surface of epithelial cells. The complex is then transported across the cell to be secreted at the apical surface. During this process a cleavage occurs that separates the extracellular (known as the secretory component) from the transmembrane segment.

Group XVI Phospholipase A1/A2 (PLA2G16) belongs to the H-rev 107 family. PLA2G16 is expressed in a number of human tumors including ovarian carcinomas, lung carcinomas. PLA2G16 is involved in the regulation of differentiation and survival. PLA2G16 regulates adipocyte lipolysis and release of fatty acids through a G-protein coupled pathway involving prostaglandin and EP3. It has also been reported to play a crucial role in the development of obesity in mouse models.

Thought to provide a protective, lubricating barrier against particles and infectious agents at mucosal surfaces. Mucin-16/MUC16 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 30.5 kDa and the accession number is Q8WXI7.

RPSA Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 37.7 kDa and the accession number is P08865.

α Crystallin B Chain (CRYAB) is a cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family. Alpha crystallins are composed of two gene products: alpha-A and alpha-B, for acidic and basic, respectively. Alpha crystallins can be induced by heat shock and are members of the small heat shock protein (sHSP also known as the HSP20) family. Alpha crystallins acts as molecular chaperones and hold them in in large soluble aggregates. CRYAB is expressed widely in many tissues and organs. It may contribute to the transparency and refractive index of the lens. The deficiency of CRYAB is the cause of myopathy myofibrillar type 2 (MFM2) and cataract posterior polar type 2 (CTPP2).

Mucin-1, is a membrane-bound protein that is a member of the mucin family. Mucins are O-glycosylated proteins that play an essential role in forming protective mucous barriers on epithelial surfaces. These proteins also play a role in intracellular signaling. This protein is expressed on the apical surface of epithelial cells that line the mucosal surfaces of many different tissues including lung, breast stomach and pancreas. MUC-1 exclusively located in the apical domain of the plasma membrane of highly polarized epithelial cells. MUC-1 can act both as an adhesion and an anti-adhesion protein. This protein may provide a protective layer on epithelial cells against bacterial and enzyme attack. MUC-1 participated in modulates signaling in ERK, SRC and NF-kappa-B pathways. In activated T-cells, MUC-1 influences directly or indirectly the Ras/MAPK pathway. MUC-1 promotes tumor progression and regulates TP53-mediated transcription and determines cell fate in the genotoxic stress response.

The Galectin family of proteins, with specificity for Nacetyllactosaminecontaining glycoproteins, consists of beta-galactoside binding lectins containing homologous carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs). They also possess hemagglutination activity, which is attributable to their bivalent carbohydrate binding properties. Galectins are active both intracellularly and extracellularly. Although they are localized primarily in the cytoplasm and lack a classical signal peptide, galectins can also be secreted by one or more unidentified, non-classical, secretory pathways. They have diverse effects on many cellular functions including adhesion, migration, polarity, chemotaxis, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Galectins may therefore play a key role in many pathological states, including autoimmune diseases, allergic reactions, inflammation, tumor cell metastasis, atherosclerosis, and diabetic complications. The galectins have been classified into the prototype galectins(1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14), which contain one CRD and exist either as a monomer or a noncovalent homodimer. The chimera galectins(Galectin3) containing one CRD linked to a nonlectin domain, and the tandemrepeat Galectins(4, 6, 8, 9, 12) consisting of two CRDs joined by a linker peptide.Galectins lack a classical signal peptide and can be localized to the cytosolic compartments where they have intracellular functions. However, via one or more as yet unidentified nonclassical secretory pathways, galectins can also be secreted to function extracellularly. Individual members of the galectin family have different tissue distribution profiles and exhibit subtle differences in their carbohydrate-binding specificities. Each family member may preferentially bind to a unique subset of cell surface glycoproteins.

Mucin-1/MUC1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 31.2 kDa and the accession number is P15941-8.

Catalyzes the 2 serial methylation steps for the conversion of the 7-monomethylguanosine (m(7)G) caps of snRNAs and snoRNAs to a 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine (m(2,2,7)G) cap structure. The enzyme is specific for guanine, and N7 methylation must precede N2 methylation. Hypermethylation of the m7G cap of U snRNAs leads to their concentration in nuclear foci, their colocalization with coilin and the formation of canonical Cajal bodies (CBs). Plays a role in transcriptional regulation.

Gankyrin is a multicatalytic proteinase oncoprotein consists of 7 ankyrin repeats. Gankyrin overexpressed in most hepatocellular carcinomas. Gankyrin is involved in theregulation of the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein by CDK4 to enhance the ubiquitinylation of p53 by MDM2. Gankyrin is also involved in progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Gankyrin plays an oncogenic role especially in early stages of human epatocarcinogenesis.

Anterior Gradient 2 (AGR2) is an 18-21 kDa member of the PDI family of enzymes. AGR2 is widely expressed in secretory cells, such as small intestine goblet, prostate epithelium, enteroendocrine cells, and multiple carcinoma cell types. AGR2 forms transient disulfide linkages with molecules destined for secretion, possibly aiding protein folding. Expression of AGR2 shows a positive correlation with expression of estrogen receptor in breast carcinoma and a negative correlation with expression of EGF receptor. Mature human AGR2 is 155 amino acids (aa) in length (aa 21 - 175). Cys81 is presumed to participate in intermolecular bond formation. Over aa 21 - 175, human AGR2 shares 94% aa identity with mouse AGR2.

Left-right determination factor 2(LEFTY2) is a secreted protein which belongs to the TGF-beta family. Lefty was first identified in a screen for undifferentiated cell-specific cDNAs from the P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. Its mRNA expression on the left side of the developing embryo earned the name “Lefty”. The human orthologue was initially identified as Ebaf, Endometrial bleeding associated factor. Lefty contains the six cysteine residues that are conserved among TGF-β related proteins and that are necessary to form the cysteineknot structure. Its function in patterning left-right asymmetry of the developing organ systems such as the heart and lung is consistent in all vertebrate species examined. Lefty acts as an antagonist to Nodal signaling, potentially by competing for binding to a common receptor. It may play a role in endometrial bleeding.

40S Ribosomal Protein S19 (RPS19) is a ribosomal protein that Belongs to the ribosomal protein S19e family. RPS19 is located in the nucleoli, and higher level expression is seen in colon carcinoma tissue than normal colon tissue. It required for pre-rRNA processing and maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits. RPS19 plays a role in many biological processes, such as endocrine pancreas development, erythrocyte differentiation, mRNA metabolic process. Defects in RPS19 are the cause of Diamond-Blackfan anemia type 1 (DBA1), which is a form of Diamond-Blackfan anemia, a congenital non-regenerative hypoplastic anemia that usually presents early in infancy. Diamond-Blackfan anemia is characterized by a moderate to severe macrocytic anemia, erythroblastopenia, and an increased risk of malignancy.

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) was initially characterized as a growth factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is produced by a number of different cell types (including activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts) in response to cytokine of immune and inflammatory stimuli. Besides granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, GM-CSF is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte and eosinophil progenitors. On mature hematopoietic, monocytes/ macrophages and eosinophils. GM-CSF has a functional role on non-hematopoitic cells. It can induce human endothelial cells to migrate and proliferate. Additionally, GM-CSF can also stimulate the proliferation of a number of tumor cell lines, including osteogenic sarcoma, carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines.

Erythropoietin‑producing hepatocellular carcinoma cell surface type‑A receptor 3 (EPHA3) has been found to promote the proliferation and survival of prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines and prostate tumor development in nude mice. The interaction of AR and SP1 contributes to regulate EPHA3 expression, and the SP1 binding sites (‑295~‑261) in the EPHA3 core promoter region is crucial to the regulation of EPHA3 expression in response to androgen hormone stimuli.

Mouse Chordin-Like 2, also known as CHL2, is a novel chordin family member with structural homology to CHL1 which is implicated in tumor angiogenesis. The mouse CHL2 gene encodes a 426 amino acids (aa) protein with a 25 aa signal peptide. The mature chain of CHL2 protein contains two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, one putative NLS and three 63 aa cysteine-rich von Willebrand type C repeats (CRs). CHL2 gene is weakly expressed in the liver and kidney, partly expressed in the connective tissues of reproductive organs such as ligaments of the ovary and oviduct in females, and of testis, epididymis and certain male accessory sex glands in males. Recombinant mCHL2 protein interacted directly with five BMPs and one GDF thereby inhibiting, in vitro, several BMP/GDF-dependent processes including, osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 mesenchymal progenitor cells by several BMPs, ATDC5 embryonal carcinoma cells by GDF5 and BMP4-dependent lymphohematopoietic (CD34+CD31hi and CD34+CD31lo) progenitor cell development from ES cells. CHL2 may inhibits BMPs activity by blocking their interaction with their receptors, and has a negative regulator effect on the cartilage formation/regeneration from immature mesenchymal cells, by preventing or reducing the rate of matrix accumulation. Also, it may play a role during myoblast and osteoblast differentiation, and maturation.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major contributor to cancer-related deaths due to its often late stage diagnosis, and dermcidin (DCD) may have the potential to be used as a serum biomarker for HCC for more timely diagnoses. Human dermcidin (DCD) is an antimicrobial peptide secreted constitutively by sweat glands. And the role of DCD in ischemic heart disease has drawn increasing attention in particular its relationship with insulin secretion and glycemic control, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and hypertension, platelet aggregation and acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

MESD (Mesoderm Development LRP Chaperone) is a Protein Coding gene. LDLR chaperone MESD, also known as Mesoderm development protein, Mesoderm development candidate 2, Renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-61, and MESDC2, is a member of the MESD family. It is widely expressed in the thyroid, placenta, and other tissues. MESDC2 is a chaperone specifically assisting the folding of beta-propeller/EGF modules within the family of low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs). The LDLR maturation activity resides in the N- and C-terminal unstructured regions. MESDC2 acts as a modulator of the Wnt pathway since some LDLRs are coreceptors for the canonical Wnt pathway. MESDC2 is essential for the specification of embryonic polarity and mesoderm induction.

Ninjurin-1, also known as NINJ1, is a member of the Ninjurin family of transmembrane (TM) proteins. It is expressed in CD19(+) CD10(+) B-cell progenitor cells and higher levels in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Ninjurin-1 is expressed also in some other adult and embryonic tissues, predominantly in epithelial cells. Its expression is upregulated after axotomy in neurons and Schwann cells surrounding the distal nerve segment. Upregulated expression of ninjurin-1 has been identified as a marker of minimal residual disease in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It mediates homophilic adhesion and promotes neurite extension of dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro. Ninjurin-1 has been found to show a high expression level in the liver tissue of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and this seems to be associated with cases of cirrhosis and chronic viral hepatitis. It has been reported that NINJURIN increases p21 expression and induces cellular senescence in human hepatoma cells.

Transglutaminases (TGase) are a family of calcium-dependent acyl-transfer enzymes ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells and responsible for catalyzing covalent cross-links between proteins or peptides. Transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) is a member of a family of Ca2+-dependent enzymes that catalyze covalent cross-linking reactions between proteins or peptides. TGM3 isoform is widely expressed and is important for epithelial barrier formation. It is a zymogen, requiring proteolysis for activity. Calcium-activated TGM3 can bind, hydrolyze, and is inhibited by GTP, despite lacking structural homology with other GTP binding proteins. TGM3 displays a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution in vitro consistent with its proposed role in the early phase of cornified cell envelope assembly in the cytoplasm. TGM3-driven specific isopeptide bonds between intermediate filaments and KAPs participate to the progressive scaffolding of the hair shaft. Additionally, TGM3 may be a novel prognostic biomarker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Trypsin-3, also known as Trypsin III, brain trypsinogen, Serine protease 3 and PRSS3, is a secreted protein that belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Trypsin-3 / PRSS3 is expressed is in pancreas and brain. It contains one peptidase S1 domain. Trypsin-3 / PRSS3 can degrade intrapancreatic trypsin inhibitors that protect against CP. Genetic variants that cause higher mesotrypsin activity might increase the risk for chronic pancreatitis (CP). A sustained imbalance of pancreatic proteases and their inhibitors seems to be important for the development of CP. The trypsin inhibitor-degrading activity qualified PRSS3 as a candidate for a novel CP susceptibility gene. Trypsin-3 / PRSS3 has been implicated as a putative tumor suppressor gene due to its loss of expression, which is correlated with promoter hypermethylation, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma.

Protein S100-A7, also known as S100 calcium-binding protein A7, Psoriasin, S100A7, and PSOR1, is a secreted protein which belongs to theS-100 family. S100A7 was first isolated from skin involved by psoriasis, which can be induced in cultured squamous epithelial cells. S100A7 is expressed by both normal cultured and malignant keratinocytes and malignant breast epithelial cells within ductal carcinoma in situ, suggesting an association with abnormal pathways of differentiation. S100A7 plays a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin disease, as a chemotactic factor for hematopoietic cells. It also plays a role in early stages of breast tumor progression in association with the development of the invasive phenotype.

KIAA11, also known as p15(PAF), is a proliferating cell nuclear antigen-associated factor that interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA). It was initially isolated in a yeast two-hybrid screen for PCNA binding partners and was shown to bind PCNA competitively with the cell cycle regulator p21(WAF). KIAA11 is localized primarily in the nucleus. It shares the conserved PCNA binding motif with several other PCNA binding proteins including CDK inhibitor p21. KIAA11 is involved in cell proliferation and plays a role in early tumor recurrence (ETR), and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). KIAA11 is expressed predominantly in the liver, pancreas, and placenta. It cannot be detected in the heart or brain. It is highly expressed in some tumors, especially esophageal tumors, in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, and non-small-cell lung cancer lines. Overexpression of KIAA11 predicts high stage, early tumor recurrence, and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. It also may be involved in the protection of cells from UV-induced cell death.

Koebnerisin is also known as protein S100-A7A (S100A7A), S100 calcium-binding protein A7-like 1 (S100A7L1) or S100 calcium-binding protein A15 (S100A15). Human S100A7A / S100A15 is a novel member of the S100 family of EF-hand calcium-binding proteins and was recently identified in psoriasis, where it is significantly upregulated in lesional skin. S100A7 is expressed by both normal cultured and malignant keratinocytes and malignant breast epithelial cells within ductal carcinoma in situ, suggesting an association with abnormal pathways of differentiation. S100A7 plays a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin disease, as a chemotactic factor for hematopoietic cells. It also plays a role in early stages of breast tumor progression in association with the development of the invasive phenotype. The association of the 11.2 kDa S100A7A / S100A15 with psoriasis suggests that it contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease and could provide a molecular target for therapy.

MTSS1 (Metastasis suppressor 1), also known as Missing in metastasis (MIM), is a tissue-specific regulator of plasma membrane dynamics. MTSS1 is well described for its function as a metastasis suppressor gene and is expressed in a variety of tissues. MTSS1 might be involved in shaping neuronal membranes in vivo. MTSS1 deforms phosphoinositide-rich membranes through its I-BAR domain and interacts with actin monomers through its WH2 domain. MTSS1/MIM was first identified as a metastasis suppressor missing in metastatic bladder carcinoma cell lines. MTSS1 is a prognostic indicator of disease-free survival in breast cancer patients and demonstrates the ability to play a role in governing the metastatic nature of breast cancer cells. MTSS1 may serve as a useful biomarker for the prediction of the outcome of gastric cancer. The down-regulation of MTSS1 that may be caused by DNA methylation was also observed in many other types of cancer. Recent work proposed that MIM also potentiates Sonic hedgehog (Shh)-induced gene expression. MTSS1 is a multiple functional molecular and has an important role in development, carcinogenesis, and metastasis.

Angiopoietin-like protein 1 (ANGPTL1) has been reported to suppress migration and invasion in lung and breast cancer, acting as a novel tumor suppressor candidate. Downregulation of tumor suppressor signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).The downregulation of the angiopoietin-like protein ANGPTL1 is associated with vascular invasion, tumor thrombus, metastasis, and poor prognosis in HCC. Ectopic expression of ANGPTL1 in HCC cells effectively decreased their in vitro and in vivotumorigenicity, cell motility, and angiogenesis. shRNA-mediated depletion of ANGPTL1 exerted opposing effects. ANGPTL1 promoted apoptosis via inhibition of the STAT3/Bcl-2-mediated antiapoptotic pathway and decreased cell migration and invasion via downregulation of transcription factors SNAIL and SLUG. Furthermore, ANGPTL1 inhibited angiogenesis by attenuating ERK and AKT signaling and interacted with integrin α1β1 receptor to suppress the downstream FAK/Src-JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest ANGPTL1 as a prognostic biomarker and novel therapeutic agent in HCC. ANGPTL1 expression was down-regulated in CRC tissues and inversely correlated with poor survival. ANGPTL1 repressed migration and invasion of CRC cells, and microRNA-138 was involved in this process. Angiopoietin-like protein 1 (ANGPTL1) has been shown to act as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting angiogenesis, cancer invasion, and metastasis.

TPPP3, a member of the Tubulin polymerization-promoting protein family, is an intrinsically unstructured protein that induces tubulin polymerization. TPPP3 is a marker in the developing musculoskeletal system. In tendons, Tppp3 is expressed in cells at the circumference of the developing tendons, likely the progenitors of connective tissues that surround tendons: the tendon sheath, epitenon, and paratenon. Tppp3 is also expressed in forming synovial joints. The onset of Tppp3 expression in joints coincides with cavitation, representing a molecular marker that can be used to indicate this stage in joint transition in joint differentiation. In late embryonic stages, Tppp3 expression highlights other demarcation lines that surround differentiating tissues in the forelimb. Depletion of TPPP3 by microRNA-based RNA interference (RNAi) inhibits cell growth, arrests cell cycles, and causes mitotic abnormalities in HeLa cells. C57BL/6 mice that received subcutaneously injected LLC (Lewis lung carcinoma) cells in which TPPP3 was knocked down showed a pronounced reduction in tumor progression. The migration/invasion activity of TPPP3-knockdown LLC cells was significantly suppressed in a transwell chamber migration assay. When these cells were injected into the tail veins of C57BL/6 mice, they exhibited milder lung metastasis compared with control tumor cells. Taken together, these findings suggested that the TPPP3 gene played an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and it could potentially become a novel target for cancer therapy.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8, also known as Cancer Osaka thyroid oncogene, Proto-oncogene c-Cot, Serine/threonine-protein kinase cot, Tumor progression locus 2 and MAP3K8, is a cytoplasm protein that belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family and MAP kinase kinase kinase subfamily. MAP3K8 is expressed in several normal tissues and human tumor-derived cell lines. Isoform 1 of MAP3K8 is activated specifically during the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. MAP3K8 is required for TLR4 activation of the MEK/ERK pathway. It can activate NF-kappa-B 1 by stimulating proteasome-mediated proteolysis of NF-kappa-B 1/p15. MAP3K8 plays a role in the cell cycle. The longer form has some transforming activity, although it is much weaker than the activated cot oncoprotein. MAP3K8 oncogene linked to human endometrial carcinoma suggesting that it may be another molecule involved in human endometrial cancer. MAP3K8 may also be an important mediator of intracellular mechanotransduction in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

NY-ESO-1 or New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 is a well-known cancer-testis antigen (CTAs) with re-expression in numerous cancer types. Its ability to elicit spontaneous humoral and cellular immune responses, together with its restricted expression pattern, have rendered it a good candidate target for cancer immunotherapy.

C-Type Lectin Domain Family 10 Member A (CLEC10A) is a type II transmembrane C-type lectin that is expressed on immature myleloid dendritic cells and alternatively activated (tolerogenic) macrophages. CLEC10A/MGL binds and internalizes molecules with terminal nonsialylated GalNAc carbohydrates such as the Tn carcinoma antigen. CLEC10A/MGL also binds the GP envelope glycoprotein on Marburg and Ebola viruses and enhances viral entry and infectivity. It constitute a unique class of C-type lectins because of their specificity for galactose and its structural homologues. CLEC10A is thought to participate in the recognition of molecules from both altered self and pathogens due to its monosaccharide specificity for Gal and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). Human and rat carry a single gene for CLEC10A/MGL, while mouse has two closely related MGL1 and MGL2 genes.

Sperm protein 17 (Sp17) is a highly conserved mammalian protein characterized in rabbit, mouse, monkey, baboon, macaque, human testis and spermatozoa. mRNA encoding Sp17 has been detected in a range of murine and human somatic tissues. It was also recognized in two myeloma cell lines and in neoplastic cells from patients with multiple myeloma and ovarian carcinoma. SP17 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 18.50 kDa and the accession number is Q15506.

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a serine protease that has been reported in fibroblasts and some carcinoma cells, which correlates with poor patient outcomes. FAP can be induced under hypoxia which is also vital in the malignant behaviors of cancer cells. FAP Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 86.4 kDa and the accession number is P97321-1.