Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion. ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No.	Product name	CAS No.	Purity
T2805	Chlorogenic Acid	327-97-9	99.43%
T2805	Chlorogenic Acid (NSC-407296) is a naturally occurring phenolic acid which is a carcinogenic inhibitor. It has also been shown to prevent paraquat-induced oxidat...
TQ0288	Hexahydrocurcumin	36062-05-2	99.43%
TQ0288	Hexahydrocurcumin is a selective, orally active COX-2 inhibitor and inactive against COX-1.
T6482	Efaproxiral Sodium	170787-99-2	99.41%
T6482	Efaproxiral Sodium (RSR13 sodium), a synthetic allosteric modifier of hemoglobin, is utilized for brain metastases originating from breast cancer.
T7094	Levomefolic Acid	31690-09-2	99.4%
T7094	Levomefolic Acid (5-MTHF) is a natural, active form of folic acid used at the cellular level for DNA reproduction, the cysteine cycle and the regulation of homoc...
TN6735	Bigelovin	3668-14-2	99.4%
TN6735	Bigelovin is a selective retinoid X receptor α agonist. Bigelovin suppresses tumor growth through inducing apoptosis and autophagy via the inhibition of mTOR pat...
T5426	DMNQ	6956-96-3	99.4%
T5426	DMNQ is a 1,4-naphthoquinone that acts as a redox-cycling agent, typically increasing intracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide formation.DMNQ increases ROS...
T2821	Ethyl ferulate	4046-02-0	99.39%
T2821	Ethyl ferulate (Ethyl 4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxycinnamate) is the alkyl ester derivative of ferulic acid which is a naturally occurring plant product with anti-oxidat...
T3018	Protocatechualdehyde	139-85-5	99.34%
T3018	Protocatechualdehyde (3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde), a natural polyphenol compound derived from radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae roots, exhibits diverse biological activ...
T2988	(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate	989-51-5	99.34%
T2988	(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is an antioxidant polyphenol flavonoid that inhibits telomerase and DNA methyltransferase. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG...
T3496	Buprofezin	69327-76-0	99.34%
T3496	Buprofezin (Applaud) is an insecticide used for control of insect pests such as mealybugs, leafhoppers and whitefly on vegetable crops.
T3330	Trans-Trimethoxyresveratrol	22255-22-7	99.33%
T3330	trans-Trimethoxyresveratrol (MR-3), a natural methoxylated analog of resveratrol, inhibits breast Y cell invasiveness by downregulation of PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-cat...
T4749	Squalene	111-02-4	99.33%
T4749	Squalene (AddaVax) is a natural organic compound originally obtained for commercial purposes primarily from shark liver oil, though there are botanical sources a...
T6170	Elesclomol	488832-69-5	99.33%
T6170	Elesclomol (STA-4783) is an oxidative stress inducer and a highly lipophilic copper ion carrier. Elesclomol induces apoptosis in tumor cells and is used in coppe...
T6S1917	Schisandrol B	58546-54-6	99.32%
T6S1917	1. Schisandrol B (Besigomsin) may exert neuroprotective effects by attenuating the microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response via inhibiting the TLR4-mediated...
T68953	Arecoline	63-75-2	99.28%
T68953	Arecoline is a natural alkaloid derived from areca nut in the palm family and is a potent nicotine and partial agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Are...
T13396	Zinc Protoporphyrin	15442-64-5	99.27%
T13396	Zinc Protoporphyrin (Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX) is an orally active and competitive inhibitor of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and markedly attenuates the protective ef...
T7461	2,4-Diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine	56-06-4	99.26%
T7461	2,4-Diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine (DAHP) (DAHP) is a selective, specific inhibitor of GTP cyclohydrolase I, the rate limiting step for de novo pterin synthesis
T3417	Amentoflavone	1617-53-4	99.22%
T3417	Amentoflavone (3',8''-Biapigenin), as a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9, can interact with many other medications. CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 are proteins used for ...
T2090	Lexibulin	917111-44-5	99.22%
T2090	Lexibulin (CYT-997)(CYT-997) is a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor (IC50: 10-100 nM, in Y cell lines). Lexibulin blocks the formation of the mitotic spind...
TN5634	Aureusidin	38216-54-5	99.18%
TN5634	Aureusidin (Auresidin) shows antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity with anti-inflammatory effects.