[dala2]gip (human)

[Leu15]-Gastrin I human acetate(39024-57-2 Free base) is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T8761L.

Endothelin-2 (49-69), human (Human endothelin-2) is a 21-amino acid vasoactive peptide that binds to G-protein-linked transmembrane receptors, ET-RA and ET-RB.

GIP (human) acetate is a stimulator of glucose-dependent insulin secretion and a weak inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. GIP (human) acetate plays a vital role in lipid metabolism and the development of obesity.

Highly potent GIP receptor agonist (EC50 = 630 ± 119 pM). Displays equivalent cAMP stimulating properties and improved resistance to enzymatic degradation compared to native GIP in cells expressing wild type GIP receptor. Improves glucose tolerance, insul

GLP-2(1-33) (human) is an enteroendocrine hormone which stimulates the growth of the intestinal epithelium.

GLP-2 (1-34) (human), a polypeptide secreted from the intestine shortly after eating, is utilized in research related to bone remodeling processes [1].

PTH (2-38) (human) plays a role in bone anabolism and can elevate serum levels of INS-PTH (complete N-terminal specific PTH) [1].

Potent insulinotropic hormone synthesized by duodenal K-cells. High affinity GIP receptor agonist (EC50 = 0.81 nM) that inhibits gastric acid secretion and stimulates pancreatic insulin release in response to glucose. Also affects lipid metabolism and dis

GIP (3-42), human acetate is an antagonist of a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor and regulates insulin secretion and GIP metabolism in vivo.

Human β-defensin-2 (HβD-2) is a cationic skin-antimicrobial peptide (SAP) characterized by its small size and rich cysteine content. It is produced by various epithelial cells and exhibits potent antimicrobial properties against gram-negative bacteria and Candida. However, it does not effectively target gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Given these characteristics, Human β-defensin-2 serves as a valuable tool in colitis research.

GIP (3-42), human (Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (3-42) (human)) is a peptide that acts as a glucose-dependent proinsulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor antagonist and regulates insulin secretion and the metabolic effects of GIP in vivo, which can be used to study type 2 diabetes.

GIP (1-30) amide (Human) TFA is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide fragment. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion and reduces postprandial glycaemic excursions.

Galanin (2-11) amide is a synthetic peptide fragment of the neuropeptide galanin and an agonist of the galanin-2 (GAL2) receptor (EC50= 9.32 nM in a fluorescence imaging plate reader assay).1It selectively binds to the GAL2receptor (IC50= 1.76 nM for the rat receptor) over the GAL1receptor (IC50= 879 nM for the human receptor) but does also bind to the GAL3receptor (Ki= 271 nM for the rat receptor).1,2Intracerebroventricular administration of galanin (2-11) amide (1 nmol/animal) decreases immobility in the forced swim test in rats.3It also reduces the hind paw mechanical pain threshold and increases the hind paw cold sensitivity threshold in rats.1

GIP (1-30) amide, human acetate is a fragment of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), an incretin hormone that plays a crucial role in stimulating insulin secretion and mitigating postprandial glycemic excursions. This compound has been shown to enhance insulin secretion in a dose-dependent manner across concentrations of 10^-9 to 10^-6 M [1].

Prokineticin 2 Isoform 2 (human), a hypothalamic neuropeptide, regulates thermoregulation and energy metabolism while decreasing food intake in rodents. This isoform is implicated in the study of metabolic syndrome (MetS), obesity, and hyperglycemia [1].

β-Defensin-2 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.1It inhibits the growth of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria, includingP. gingivalisandS. salivarius.2β-Defensin-2 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes.3It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-2 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cellsin vitrowhen used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cellsin vivofollowing a 500 ng intradermal dose.4Expression of β-defensin-2 is increased in psoriatic skin and chronic wounds.5,6 1.Lehrer, R.I.Primate defensinsNat. Rev. Microbiol.2(9)727-738(2004) 2.Ouhara, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Yamada, S., et al.Susceptibilities of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria to antibacterial peptides, β-defensins and LL37, produced by human epithelial cellsJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.55(6)888-896(2005) 3.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Nakano, N., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins stimulate epidermal keratinocyte migration, proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokinesJ. Invest. Dermatol.127(3)594-604(2007) 4.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Hara, M., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins and cathelicidin LL-37 induce the secretion of a pruritogenic cytokine IL-31 by human mast cellsJ. Immunol.184(7)3526-3534(2010) 5.Huh, W.-K., Oono, T., Shirafuji, Y., et al.Dynamic alteration of human β-defensin 2 localization from cytoplasm to intercellular space in psoriatic skinJ. Mol. Med. (Berl.)80(10)678-684(2002) 6.Butmarc, J., Yufit, T., Carson, P., et al.Human β-defensin-2 expression is increased in chronic woundsWound Repair Regen.12(4)439-443(2004)

(Pro3) GIP, human ((Pro3) Gastric Inhibitory Peptide, human) is a stable and specific full agonist for the human GIP receptor (hGIPR) with a high binding affinity, represented by K i / K d values of 0.90 nM. It shows efficacy in targeting hGIPR, making it suitable for obesity-related diabetes research [1] [2].

PAR-2 (1-6) (human) (SLIGKV), a peptide ligand, is a PAR-2 agonist [1] .

Defensin HNP-2 is a naturally occurring antibiotic and monocyte chemotactic peptide synthesized by human neutrophils.

Endothelin-2 (49-69), human (TFA) is a 21-amino acid vasoactive peptide that binds to ET-RA and ET-RB.

β-CGRP,human tissue is one of the calcitonin peptide, through complex behavior of calcitonin receptor like receptor (CRLR) - and receptor activity - modifying proteins (increased), and 1 and 300 - nM CRLR IC50s/RAMP1 and CRLR/RAMP2 cells.

GIP, human TFA, a 42-amino acid peptide hormone, functions as a glucose-dependent insulin secretion stimulator and a weak gastric acid secretion inhibitor. Released from intestinal K cells following nutrient ingestion, it serves as an incretin hormone [1] [2] [3].

Acetyl-ACTH (2-24) (human, bovine, rat), a proopiomelanocortin (POMC) peptide fragment, includes adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) precursor of α-MSH and acts as an agonist at the MC-1 receptor [1].

GIP (1-30) amide (Human) is an insulin-dependent glucose-dependent polypeptide.The sugar-dependent insulin polypeptide (GIP) is an insulin secreting hormone, which can stimulate the secretion of insulin and reduce the occurrence of postpranal-glycemic dis