gastrin releasing peptide, human(tfa)

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide, human(TFA) is a regulatory human peptide that elicits gastrin release and regulates gastric acid secretion and enteric motor function. The post-ganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve that innervate the G cells of the stomach release GRP, which stimulates the G cells to release gastrin.

[Leu15]-Gastrin I human acetate(39024-57-2 Free base) is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T8761L.

Human growth hormone-releasing factor acetate is a hypothalamic polypeptide and stimulates GH production and release by binding to the GHRH Receptor (GHRHR) on cells in the anterior pituitary[1].

Gastrin I (1-14), human, is the 1-14 peptide fragment of human gastrin I, an endogenous gastrointestinal peptide hormone, and is the primary hormonal regulator of gastric acid secretion.

C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1-22), human acetate is an agonist of natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B), an endothelial-derived relaxant and growth inhibitory factor. C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1-22), human acetate inhibits cAMP synthesis stimulated by histamine and 5-HT or directly by Forskolin.

3X FLAG peptide TFA (402750-12-3 free base) (3X FLAG peptide TFA) is a synthetic peptide of 23 amino acid residue. The Asp-Tyr-Lys-Xaa-Xaa-Asp motif is repeated three times in the peptide.

PKG inhibitor peptide TFA (82801-73-8 free base) is an inhibitor of ATP-competitive cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG).

Kisspeptin-10, human TFA is a potent vasoconstrictor and angiogenesis inhibitor. Kisspeptin-10, human TFA acts as a tumor metastasis suppressor via its receptor GPR54. Kisspeptin-10-GPR54 system plays an important role in embryonic kidney development. Kisspeptin-10/GPR54 signaling induces osteoblast differentiation via NFATc4-mediated BMP2 expression

Amyloid β Peptide (42-1)(human) acetate is the inactive form of Amyloid β Peptide (1-42). Amyloid β Peptide (42-1)(human) acetate is a 42-amino acid peptide which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.

GnRH Associated Peptide (GAP) (1-13), human Acetate was found to be a potent inhibitor of prolactin secretion and to stimulate the release of gonadotropins. Active immunization with peptides corresponding to GAP sequences led to greatly increased prolacti

C-MYC PEPTIDE EPITOPE TFA, the product of the c-myc proto-oncogene, is a helix-loop-helix leucine zipper phosphoprotein that regulates gene transcription in cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. This peptide is a human c-myc epitope.

RNAIII-inhibiting peptide TFA (RNAIII-inhibiting peptide(TFA))(228544-21-6 free base) inhibits S. aureus, effective in the diseases such as cellulitis, keratitis, septic arthritis, osteomylitis and mastitis.

Proinsulin C-peptide human acetate (Proinsulin C-peptide human acetate (33017-11-7 Free base)) is a polypeptide of 31 amino acid residues that links the A and B chains of proinsulin to ensure proper folding, has biological activity and regulates cellular functions.

Gastrin I (human) acetate (Gastrin-17 acetate) is the endogenous peptide produced in the stomach, and increases gastric acid secretion via cholecystokinin 2 (CCK2) receptor.

Corticotropin-releasing factor (human) acetate stimulates to synthesize and secret adrenocorticotropin in the anterior pituitary.

Peptide YY (PYY) (3-36), human (Peptide YY (3-36)), is a gut hormone peptide that acts as a Y2 receptor agonist to reduce appetite.

Antennapedia Peptide TFA (188842-14-0 free base), a peptide of 16 amino acids, is a member of the family of Cell-penetrating peptides, originally derived from the 60 amino acid long homeodomain of the Drosophila transcription factor Antennapedia.

Mini Gastrin I, human acetate is a shorter version of human gastrin, consists of amino acids 5-17 of the parent peptide.

Biotin-β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA, also known as Biotin-Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42) (human) TFA, is a biotin-labeled 42-amino acid peptide implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1-22), human, is the 1-22 fragment of the parent C-Type Natriuretic Peptide.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (18-39), human TFA (CLIP human TFA) is a corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide produced in the melanotrophs of the pituitary's intermediate lobe.

Tau protein (592-597), Human (TFA) is a peptide fragment of human Tau protein.

PAR-4 Agonist Peptide, amide TFA (PAR-4-AP (TFA)), is a selective activator of the proteinase-activated receptor-4 (PAR-4) that does not affect PAR-1 or PAR-2, and its activity can be inhibited by a PAR-4 antagonist.

Pegylated synthetic human C-peptide exhibits similar bioactivity to natural C-peptides (non-polyethylene glycolated) and demonstrates an extended plasma half-life, making it suitable for research in diabetic peripheral neuropathy [1].

PAMP-12(human, porcine) TFA, a significant constituent of immunoreactive (ir)-PAMP, derives from the adrenomedullin precursor and functions as a potent hypotensive peptide involved in cardiovascular regulation [1].

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide, a truncated form of MOG located on the extracellular myelin sheath surface, interacts with antigen serotype HLA-DR2 to mitigate effects of ischemic stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice. In female mice, it notably reduces cortical and striatal infarct volumes, lessens sensorimotor deficits as observed in tube- and corner turn tests, enhances engagement with novel odors, and prolongs the duration of cage mate-directed vocalizations, without exhibiting similar outcomes in male mice.

Gastric inhibitory peptide 1 (GIP-1) (3-42), a fragment of the incretin hormone GIP and antagonist to the GIP receptor, is generated through the action of serum dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DDP-4). When administered at 25 nmol/kg to an ob/ob mouse diabetes model, GIP-1 (3-42) elevates plasma glucose levels and lowers plasma insulin levels, demonstrating its effect on reducing insulin secretion from BRIN-BD11 pancreatic cells at a concentration of 100 nM.

TIP39, a neuropeptide and an agonist for the parathyroid hormone receptor type 2 (PTH2R), effectively increases cAMP levels in COS-7 cells featuring recombinant PTH2R from humans or rats (EC50s = 0.5 and 0.8 nM, respectively), as well as in F-11 cells that naturally express PTH2R (EC50 = 1.15 nM). Furthermore, TIP39 at 1 nM halts the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and reduces Sox9 expression, a crucial regulator of cartilage differentiation, in CFK2 rat chondrocytes. Additionally, administering 100 pmol/animal of TIP39 reduces the immobility period in the forced swim test in mice, indicating a potential antidepressant effect.

LL-37 (18-37), an antimicrobial peptide fragment of LL-37, exhibits activity against S. aureus and C. albicans, with minimum lethal concentrations of 4 µM and 10 µM, respectively. Additionally, it inhibits E. histolytica trophozoites growth at concentrations between 10 to 50 µM.

[Ala11,D-Leu15]-Orexin B(human) TFA is a potent, selective agonist for the orexin-2 receptor (OX2), demonstrating 400-fold higher selectivity for OX2 (EC50=0.13 nM) compared to the orexin-1 receptor (OX1) with an EC50 of 52 nM.

MCH (human, mouse, rat) TFA is a potent peptide agonist for MCH receptors, exhibiting binding IC50 values of 0.3 nM for MCH1R and 1.5 nM for MCH2R. It is particularly effective against MCH-2R in a CHO cell line, with functional activation EC50 values of 3.9 nM for MCH-1R and 0.1 nM for MCH-2R, as evidenced by intracellular calcium mobilization measured with FLIPR [1].

Lys-γ3-MSH(human) TFA, a melanocortin peptide originating from the C-terminal fragment of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), enhances the steroidogenic response of rat adrenal glands to adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH). It is a potent stimulator of lipolysis, demonstrating an apparent EC50 of 3.56 nM, by activating hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and Perilipin A, leading to lipolysis [1] [2].

(Leu31,Pro34)-Peptide YY (human) is a derivative of Peptide YY that acts as a potent and selective Y1 receptor agonist, with a dissociation constant (KD) of 1.0 nM [1].

β-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH), human TFA, is a 22-residue peptide functioning as an endogenous agonist for the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) [1].

Autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide (TFA) is a highly specific and potent CaMKII inhibitor with an IC50 value of 40 nM.

Myristoylated Autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) form, is a potent and highly specific inhibitor of CaMKII, exhibiting an IC50 of 40 nM [1]. This compound constitutes the myristoylated variant of Autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide.

CART(62-76)(human,rat) TFA, a neuropeptide encompassing residues 62-76 of the CART peptide, exhibits neurotransmitter-like properties and modulates the striatal noradrenergic system, as well as the corticostriatal and hypothalamic serotoninergic (5-HT) systems in the rat brain [1].

Amyloid-β (25-35) (Aβ (25-35)) is an 11-residue fragment of the Aβ protein that retains the physical and biological characteristics of the full length peptide. It forms fibrils that react to thioflavin T and Congo red and are organized in a cross-β arrangement of β-strands similar to Aβ (1-40) and Aβ (1-42) fibrils. Aggregated Aβ (25-35) decreases the viability of rat adrenal PC12 cells. It also decreases the viability of primary rat cortical neurons at concentrations ranging from 1 nM to 30 μM. In vivo, intracerebral injection of Aβ (25-35) (20 nmol) in rats induces lesions of neuronal and tissue loss. Aggregated Aβ (25-35) administered intracerebroventricularly to rats induces learning and memory impairments in the Y-maze, novel object recognition, and contextual fear conditioning tests.

(Leu31,Pro34)-Peptide YY (human) (TFA) is the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) form of (Leu31,Pro34)-Peptide YY (human), a derivative of Peptide YY that acts as a potent and selective Y1 agonist, exhibiting a dissociation constant (K D) of 1.0 nM [1].

Atrial natriuretic peptide (3-28) (human) (ANP (3-28) (human)), a peptide hormone produced by the atrial myocardium, critically regulates blood pressure, fluid balance, and electrolyte homeostasis [1] [2].

Prolactin Releasing Peptide (1-31), human is a high affinity GPR10 ligand that cause the release of the prolactin

FibrinopeptideB,human is a 14-amino acid polypeptide released from the amino terminus of the fibrinogen segment.

Orexin B, human (TFA) is an endogenous agonist at Orexin receptor with Kis of 420 and 36 nM for OX1 and OX2.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (1-37), human, is a highly potent agonist of the GLP-1 receptor and a pancreatic hormone synthesized by post-translational processing of proglucagon. Unlike truncated forms of GLP-1, it neither affects food intake in rats nor enhances pancreatic insulin secretion.

Fibronectin Adhesion-promoting Peptide (Heparin Binding Peptide) is an amino acid sequence in the carboxy-terminal heparin-binding domain of fibronectin that facilitates the assembly of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) spheroids into larger aggregates.

CNP, a member of the natriuretic peptide family, was first identified in porcine brain and later found in other mammals as well as non-mammals. Processing of the CNP precursor gives rise to CNP-22 and its N-terminally elongated form, CNP-53. The CNPs shar

TNF-α (31-45), human (TFA) is a peptide of tumor necrosis factor-α.