Hippocalcin-Like Protein 1 (HPCAL1) is a neuron-specific calcium-binding member of the recoverin family which found in the retina and brain. HPCAL1 contains four EF-hand domains and it is highly similar to human hippocalcin protein. HPCAL1 is involved in the calcium-dependent regulation of rhodopsin phosphorylation. In addition, it may be of relevance for neuronal signalling in the central nervous system.

VILIP-1, also known as VSNL1, is strongly expressed in granule cells of the cerebellum where it associates with membranes in a calcium-dependent manner and modulates intracellular signaling pathways of the central nervous system by directly or indirectly regulating the activity of adenylyl cyclase. VILIP-1 gene is a member of the visinin/recoverin subfamily of neuronal calcium sensor proteins. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed, but their full-length nature has not been determined.