human b-defensin-3

Cbl-b-IN-3 is a potent proto-oncogene-B (CPL-B) inhibitor of casitas B-series lymphoma (ic50 < 1 nM). Cpl-b, a cyclic E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, is involved in the setting of T lymphocyte activation thresholds. Cpl-b negatively regulates p85 in an independent proteolytic manner, and participates in the recruitment of p85 to CD28 and T cell antigen receptor ζ through its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Inhibition of PI3K inhibits the enhancement of Cblb-/ -T cell activation.

3-[7 ,7- dimethyl-5-oxo -6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-2-yI]-1H-indole-7 -carbonitrile is an androgen receptor modulator.

Peptide YY (PYY) (3-36), human (Peptide YY (3-36)) is a gut hormone peptide. Peptide YY (PYY) (3-36), human acts as a Y2 receptor agonist to reduce appetite.

Benzamide, 3-methoxy-N-(3-thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-ylphenyl) (3-methoxy-N-(3-(thiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)benzamide) is a sirtuin modulator and useful for increasing the lifespan of a cell, and treating and/or preventing a wide variety of diseases and disorders including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, bloo

sodium 3-amino-4,6-dimethylthieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate is an organosulfur compound. It has been used as a model compound to study the effects of sulfur-containing compounds on enzymatic activities and metabolic pathways. It has also been used to study the effects of sulfur-containing compounds on the regulation of bacterial growth and gene expression.

b-Casomorphin (1-3) Acetate is a tri-peptide with an opioid effect.

Human β-defensin-3 (HβD-3) is an antibiotic antimicrobial peptide synthesized by epithelial cells. It exhibits potent antimicrobial properties and mitigates inflammatory cytokine responses. HβD-3 efficiently targets various microorganisms, displaying IC90 values ranging from 6 to 25 μg/ml.

Human enteropeptidase-IN-3 is an inhibitor of enteropeptidase activity, characterized by extended duration of inhibition. It is applicable in the research of intestinal digestive-related diseases [1].

MAGE-3 Antigen (167-176) (human) is an eight-amino-acid polypeptide that serves as an epitope for HLA-B44 molecules, encoded by the melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) [1].

[Ala2] Endothelin-3, human is a linear analog of endothelin-3 (ET-3), characterized by the substitution of Ala for Cys residues. ET-3, a vasoactive peptide produced by human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines but not expressed in non-muscle-origin human sarcoma cell lines, serves as a paracrine factor by promoting endothelial cell migration [1] [2].

Endothelin-3, human, mouse, rabbit, rat , is a cyclic 21 amino acid peptide. It is an endogenous neuropeptide and potent vasoconstrictor.

Neuropeptide Y (3-36) (human, rat) is a metabolite of neuropeptide Y (NPY) generated by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4). Known as a selective Y2 receptor agonist, Neuropeptide Y (3-36) (human, rat) effectively reduces the release of norepinephrine via the Y2 receptor[1][2].

Human β-defensin-2 (HβD-2) is a cationic skin-antimicrobial peptide (SAP) characterized by its small size and rich cysteine content. It is produced by various epithelial cells and exhibits potent antimicrobial properties against gram-negative bacteria and Candida. However, it does not effectively target gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Given these characteristics, Human β-defensin-2 serves as a valuable tool in colitis research.

GIP (3-42), human (Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (3-42) (human)) is a peptide that acts as a glucose-dependent proinsulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor antagonist and regulates insulin secretion and the metabolic effects of GIP in vivo, which can be used to study type 2 diabetes.

Angiotensin II (3-8), human (TFA) is an angiotensin AT1 receptor agonist with less activity.

Human α-Defensin 6, a 32-residue, cysteine-rich peptide, plays a crucial role in mucosal immunity by inhibiting bacterial invasion. It achieves this through the formation of ordered self-assembly fibrils and nanonets, which stochastically bind to bacterial surface proteins and consequently surround and entangle the bacteria. Additionally, Human α-Defensin 6 impedes biofilm formation by C. albicans [1] [2].

4,5-Dihydroxy-2-((5-methyl-3,8-dimethylene-2-oxododecahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-5-yl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl acetate is an α-arabinopyranosides analogue isolated from the aboveground parts of barley [1].

GIP (3-42), human acetate is an antagonist of a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor and regulates insulin secretion and GIP metabolism in vivo.

3-Deoxysappanone B has vasorelaxation effects, it can mediate endothelium- independent vasodilator action in rat thoracic aortic rings.

Agonist of the NPFF1 receptor (IC50 = 0.7 nM for inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP production). Homolog of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH); inhibits activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons.

Human β-defensin-1 (HβD-1) is a cysteine-rich cationic skin-antimicrobial peptide (SAP) produced by epithelial surfaces, circulatory cells, and cells of the reproductive tract. It exhibits antimicrobial activity against a wide range of sperm bacteria.

Tenacigenin B, a component of the plant Poria cocos, is identified as 3-O-β-Allopyranosyl-(1→4).

Quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 1), a flavonoid glycoside, is extractable from M. delavayi leaves [1].

25-O-Acetyl-7,8-didehydro-cimigenol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside is a cycloartane triterpenoid isolated from Cimicifuga acerina [1].

'(Des-Bromo)-Neuropeptide B (1-23) (human)' is an agonist for orphan G-protein-coupled receptors, exhibiting a K i of 1.2 nM for GPR7 (NPBW1) and 341 nM for GPR8 (NPBW2) respectively [1].

β-Defensin-4 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts. It induces migration of monocytes in vitro when used at a concentration of 10 nM but does not affect migration of neutrophils and eosinophils. β-Defensin-4 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes. It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-4 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cells in vitro when used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cells in vivo following a 500 ng intradermal dose. It also inhibits growth of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus with lethal concentration (LC) values of 5, 12, and 15 μM, respectively, of S. carnosus (MIC = 4.5 μg/ml), and of C. albicans with a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) value of 7.5 μM.

Orexin B, human (TFA) is an endogenous agonist at Orexin receptor with Kis of 420 and 36 nM for OX1 and OX2.

ACTH (3-24) (human, bovine, mouse, ovine, porcine, rabbit, rat), the fragment spanning amino acids 3-24 of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), serves as a research tool in studying a range of illnesses, such as cancer, immune diseases, and cardiovascular disease [1].

β-Defensin-3 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts. It inhibits the growth of the periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria F. nucleatum, S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. salivarius, and L. casei (MICs = 12.5-100 mg/l). It also inhibits the growth of S. aureus, S. pyogenes, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and C. albicans. β-Defensin-3 stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes when used at a concentration of 30 μg/ml. It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 5, and 20 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-3 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cells in vitro when used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cells in vivo following a 500 ng intradermal dose.

β-Defensin-1 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.1It inhibits the growth ofB. adolescentis,L. acidophilus,B. breve,B. vulgatus,L. fermentum,B. longum, andS. thermophilusin an antimicrobial radial diffusion assay.2β-Defensin-1 also inhibits the growth of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria, includingP. gingivalisandS. salivarius, and of susceptibleM. tuberculosisH37Rv but not of resistantM. tuberculosisRM22 when used at a concentration of 128 μg/ml.3,4It blocks human and mouse Kv1.3 voltage-gated potassium channels (IC50s = 11.8 and 13.2 μM, respectively).5Overexpression of β-defensin-1 in the human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines HSC-3, UM-1, and SCC-9 increases migration and invasion but not proliferation.6 1.Lehrer, R.I.Primate defensinsNat. Rev. Microbiol.2(9)727-738(2004) 2.Schroeder, B.O., Ehmann, D., Precht, J.C., et al.Paneth cell α-defensin 6 (HD-6) is an antimicrobial peptideMucosal Immunol.8(3)661-671(2015) 3.Ouhara, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Yamada, S., et al.Susceptibilities of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria to antibacterial peptides, β-defensins and LL37, produced by human epithelial cellsJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.55(6)888-896(2005) 4.Fattorini, L., Gennaro, R., Zanetti, M., et al.In vitro activity of protegrin-1 and beta-defensin-1, alone and in combination with isoniazid, against Mycobacterium tuberculosisPeptides25(7)1075-1077(2004) 5.Feng, J., Xie, Z., Yang, W., et al.Human beta-defensin 1, a new animal toxin-like blocker of potassium channelToxicon113(2016) 6.Han, Q., Wang, R., Sun, C., et al.Human beta-defensin-1 suppresses tumor migration and invasion and is an independent predictor for survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma patientsPLoS One9(3)e91867(2014)

5-Acetyl-3-chloro-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T67591 and the CAS number is 25961-11-9.

Peptide YY (PYY) (3-36), human (TFA) is a gut hormone peptide that acts as a Y2 receptor agonist to reduce appetite[1].

Orexin B, human is an endogenous agonist at Orexin receptor with Kis of 420 and 36 nM for OX1 and OX2, respectively. Orexin B is a hypothalamatic neuropeptide stimulating food intake in rats.

Human α-defensin 5 is an antiviral peptide that inhibits the infection of non-enveloped viruses such as AdV, HPV, and polyomaviruses, with an IC50 range of 0.6-1.25 μM specifically for HPV16. It functions by binding to the viral capsid and preventing viral escape from the endosome. Additionally, Human α-defensin 5 enhances HIV attachment to the cell surface and exhibits parasiticidal activity [1].

DNA gyrase B-IN-3 (Compound A), with an IC50 of less than 10 nM, acts as an inhibitor of bacterial DNA gyrase B and exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram-positive strains [1].

Nucleoside Derivatives - 8-Aza-7-deaza purine nucleosides, Halo-nucleosides

Quercetin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-b-D-glucoside is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T123838 and the CAS number is 96862-01-0.

Nucleoside Derivatives - 7-Deaza-8-aza purine nucleosides; Halo-nucleosides; 6-Modified purine nucleosides

1-(2-Fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66536 and the CAS number is 256376-65-5.

Defensin HNP-1 Human TFA, a human neutrophil peptide (HNP), plays a role in the early development of atherosclerosis by contributing to endothelial cell dysfunction. Additionally, it has demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial and anti-leishmanial effects [1] [2].

3-Epimeliasenin B is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN5953 and the CAS number is 1222475-77-5.

Defensin HNP-2 is a naturally occurring antibiotic and monocyte chemotactic peptide synthesized by human neutrophils.

1-b-D-(3-Methoxy naphthalen-2-yl)-2’-deoxyriboside; 1,4-Anhydro-2-deoxy-1-C-(3-methoxy)-naphthalenyl)-D-erythro-pentitol is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TNU1641 and the CAS number is 1117893-19-2.

(S)-2-Amino-3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)propanoic acid is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66164 and the CAS number is 72120-71-9.

Nucleoside Derivatives –Fluoro-modified nucleosides, 6-Modified purine nucleosides, 3’-Modified nucleosides

hMAO-B-IN-3 (Compound 15) is a potent hMAO-B inhibitor (IC 50 = 47.4 nM) with favourable drug-like properties and a broad safety window. Therefore, hMAO-B-IN-3 is a suitable candidate for lead optimization and multitarget-directed ligands development [1].

Defensin HNP-3 is a peptide secreted by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) that has antimicrobial properties. It induces lysis of mammalian cells when used at a concentration of 25 μg/mL. It also inhibits growth of E. faecalis (ED50 = 100 nM) and clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa (MIC90 = 4 μM). HNP-3 binds to recombinant HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (gp120) and human CD4 (Kds = 52.8 and 34.9 nM, respectively). It also binds to recombinant, immobilized human surfactant protein D (SP-D; Kd = 55.7 nM) and inhibits focus formation in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells infected with influenza A virus (IAV).

3-epi-Isocucurbitacin B is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN5972 and the CAS number is 89647-62-1.

Angiotensin II (3-8), human is a less effective agonist at the angiotensin AT1 receptor.

Factor B-IN-3 is a potent inhibitor of complement factor B. Factor B-IN-3 can be used to study inflammatory and immune-related diseases.