mg(ii) protoporphyrin ix

Mg(II) protoporphyrin IX is a crucial compound in the synthesis of chlorophyll in Chlorella. It also serves as a negative regulator of nuclear photosynthetic gene expression. Additionally, Mg(II) protoporphyrin IX is employed as a valuable research tool for investigating the signaling molecule involved in plastid-to-nucleus communication.

Cu (II) Protoporphyrin IX functions as a negative control for Zn (II) Protoporphyrin, a heme oxygenase inhibitor. Heme oxygenase is involved in tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy and the regulation of free radical formation, inflammation, and vascular repair.

Mn(III) protoporphyrin IX chloride is a metalloporphyrin that, at a concentration of 10 µM, promotes mRNA expression of δ-aminolevulinate synthase and heme oxygenase (HO) in chick embryo liver cells, enzymes crucial for the initial steps in heme biosynthesis and breakdown, respectively. Additionally, this compound has been incorporated into nanobialys for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of fibrin clots in vitro and utilized in the creation of Mn(III) protoporphyrin IX-6(7)-glycyl-glycyl-L-histidine methyl ester (MnGGH), a metalloporphyrin conjugate exhibiting microperoxidase activity.

Mn(II) protoporphyrin IX is a potent intravenous paramagnetic magnetic resonance contrast agent, known for its strong paramagnetic properties.

Ga(III)protoporphyrin-IX, a model for interporphyrin interactions in malaria pigment, possesses potent antibacterial effects against gram-negative, gram-positive, and acid-fast bacteria. It exhibits high solubility in methanol (MeOH) and serves as a malarial pigment analogue for drug development, as well as a potential antibacterial agent.

Ni(II) protoporphyrin IX is a metalloporphyrin compound characterized by its limited propensity for axial ligation and its distortion upon binding to ferrochelatase.

Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is a tetrapyrrole containing 4 methyl, 2 propionic and 2 vinyl side chains that is a metabolic precursor for hemes, cytochrome c, and chlorophyll.