mucus

Troxipide (Aplace), a new-type systemic non-antisecretory gastric cytoprotective agent, which is mucus-secreting, anti-ulcer, and anti-inflammatory properties irrespective of pH of stomach or duodenum.

Terpin hydrate, a cis-form hydrate, is derived from sources such as oil of turpentine, oregano, thyme, and eucalyptus. It is used as an insect repellent and expectorant. Terpin hydrate(cis-Terpin hydrate) is commonly used to loosen mucus and ease congestion in patients presenting with acute or chronic bronchitis, and related pulmonary conditions. It was popular in the United States since the late nineteenth century, but was removed from marketed medications in the 1990s after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated that based on the evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients . Elixirs of terpin hydrate are still available with a prescription but must be prepared by a compounding pharmacy.

Hydroxyprogesterone caproate (Delalutin) is a synthetic progestational agent. It binds to and activates nuclear progesterone receptors in the reproductive system and inhibits ovulation and an alteration in the cervical mucus and endometrium.

Norgestrel (WY-3707) is a synthetic progestin commonly used alone or in combination with an estrogen for contraception. Norgestrel suppresses the secretion of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones (LH and FSH), thickens cervical mucus, and slows the transit of ova through the fallopian tubes.

Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an N-acetyl derivative of cysteine, a ROS inhibitor and mucolytic agent. Acetylcysteine induces apoptosis, can be used to reduce mucus thickness, and has anti-influenza viral activity.

Erdosteine (RV 144) is a homocysteine-derived thiol derivative with mucolytic and free radical scavenging properties. Erdosteine and its metabolites modulate mucus production and viscosity, by which facilitating mucociliary transport and improving expectoration. This agent also suppresses the chemical-induced cough reflex as well as protects lung tissues from damages caused by cigarette smoking mediated through free radicals scavenging.

Ambroxol (NA-872) is a secretolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory diseases associated with viscid or excessive mucus. It is the active ingredient of Mucosolvan, Lasolvan or Mucoangin. The substance is a mucoactive drug with several properties including secretolytic and secretomotoric actions that restore the physiological clearance mechanisms of the respiratory tract which play an important role in the body's natural defense mechanisms. It stimulates synthesis and release of surfactant by type II pneumocytes. Surfactants act as an anti-glue factor by reducing the adhesion of mucus to the bronchial wall, in improving its transport and in providing protection against infection and irritating agents.

Potassium guaiacolsulfonate hemihydrate (Potassium guaiacolsulfonate) is an aromatic sulfonic acid used in medicine as an expectorant.

L-Cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-Cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride (Acdrile)) is an antitussive and an expectorant agent, used to relieve breathing difficulties caused by mucus.

Bromhexine hydrochloride (Bisolvon) is a mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus.

Parasin I acetate is a potent 19-residue antimicrobial peptide isolated from the skin mucus of wounded catfish (Parasilurus asotus).

Letosteine (Viscotiol) is an orally active, effective, and safe expectorant that can be used in the study of acute or chronic respiratory diseases, for example, bronchopulmonary disease. Letosteine dissolves bronchial mucus and reduces symptoms of respiratory inflammation and restores gas exchanges and natural defense mechanisms in the lung[1] [2] [3].

Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) is an arachidonate lipid mediator that regulates leukocyte recruitment and function at sites of inflammation.Leukotriene C4 is a mediator of bronchoconstriction, mucus hypersecretion, and eosinophilia, and has a mediating role in urticaria.

Rioprostil is a methyl prostaglandin E1 analog that decreases gastric acid secretion and enhances the gastric mucus-bicarbonate barrier. It is effective in the treatment of gastric ulcers and gives significant protection against NSAID-induced gastric muco

Eucalyptol, a natural monoterpenoid and cyclic ether found in eucalyptus species, effectively controls excessive airway mucus secretion and asthma by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines. It serves as an efficacious treatment for non-purulent sinusitis, reducing inflammation and pain when applied topically, and demonstrating leukemic cell-killing capabilities in vitro.

CGP 45715A (irukostat) is a potent peptide-leukotriene antagonist used to treat respiratory diseases by antagonizing the bronchial constriction, mucus secretion, and inflammatory effects of these leukotrienes.

KR-67607, also known as NTX-101 is novel selective 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor. KR-67607 decreased 4-hydroxynonenal expression and increased antioxidant and mucus secretion in BAC-treated rat eyes. KR-67607 showed its protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion-induced eye injury. KR-67607 effectively reduced cortisol levels in mouse eyes and maintained the trabecular meshwork (TM) structure in the presence of transient ischemic stress. Furthermore, KR-67607 reversed the elevation of intra-ocular pressure (IOP), suggesting that the TM structure maintained by KR-67607 prevented the excessive rise in IOP that exacerbates glaucoma.

Parasin I is a potent 19-residue antimicrobial peptide isolated from the skin mucus of wounded catfish (Parasilurus asotus).

Guaifenesin-d3 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of guaifenesin by GC- or LC-MS. Guaifenesin is an expectorant. It inhibits production of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), reduces mucus viscosity and elasticity, and increases the mucociliary transport rate of endogenous particles in primary human tracheobronchial epithelial cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Guaifenesin increases phenol red secretion, a marker of expectorant activity, in rats.3 Formulations containing guaifenesin have been used as expectorants in the treatment of the common cold and chronic bronchitis.

Delamanid D4 is deuterium-labeled Delamanid. Delamanid is a newer mycobacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitor that inhibits the synthesis of mucus acid.

Lafutidine (FRG-8813) is a newly developed histamine H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits gastric acid secretion.

Lerimazoline(Trimazoline, Trimizoline, ST-71) is used in the form of tramazoline hydrochloride in nasal decongestant preparations. It is used to inhibits the secretion of nasal mucus as an α-adrenergic receptor agonist.

Tramazoline hydrochloride is commonly used in nasal spray as a nasal decongestant by acting as an α-adrenergic receptor agonist that inhibits secretion of nasal mucus.

Bromhexine is an expectorant/mucolytic agent which can be used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with excessive mucus or viscid.

Erazinone is a mucus dissolver and bronchospasm reliever.

L-Hyoscyamine (Daturine) functions as a non-selective, competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic activities of acetylcholine on the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, as well as the eye, heart, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. Hyoscyamine is a belladonna alkaloid derivative and the levorotatory form of racemic atropine isolated from the plants Hyoscyamus niger or Atropa belladonna, which exhibits anticholinergic activity. These inhibitory effects cause a decrease in saliva, bronchial mucus, gastric juices, and sweat. Furthermore, its inhibitory action on smooth muscle prevents bladder contraction and decreases gastrointestinal motility.

Z 300 is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Z 300 inhibits acid secretion and promotes gastric mucus metabolism in the corpus region.

Bromhexine-d3 HCl is a deuterated compound of Bromhexine HCl. Bromhexine HCl has a CAS number of 611-75-6. Bromhexine hydrochloride is a mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus.

Desacetyl bisacodyl, the active metabolite of the laxative bisacodyl, evokes epithelial Cl(-) secretion in the rat colon and rectum, in addition to increasing mucus and chloride secretion [1].

Zolimidine, an imidazopyridine derivative, functions as an orally active antiulcer agent. It promotes mucus secretion in intestinal mucosal cells and enhances the intestinal wall's resistance to ulceration. Studies demonstrate its gastroprotective effect in duodenal ulcer research [1] [2].

L-Hyoscyamine sulfate (Levsin Sulfate) is the sulfate salt of a belladonna alkaloid derivative and the levorotatory form of racemic atropine isolated from the plants Hyoscyamus niger or Atropa belladonna, which exhibits anticholinergic activity. Hyoscyamine functions as a non-selective, competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors, thereby inhibiting the parasympathetic activities of acetylcholine on the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands, as well as the eye, heart, bladder, and gastrointestinal tract. These inhibitory effects cause a decrease in saliva, bronchial mucus, gastric juices, and sweat. Furthermore, its inhibitory action on smooth muscle prevents bladder contraction and decreases gastrointestinal motility.