β-Apo-8'-carotenal (Apocarotenal) is a carotenoid present in spinach and citrus fruits, utilized in fat-based foods (margarine, sauces, salad dressings), beverages, dairy products, and sweets.
α-Lipoic Acid (DL-α-Lipoic acid) an octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.