β glycerophosphate disodium salt hydrate

β-Glycerophosphate Disodium Salt Hydrate is a classical serine-threonine phosphatase inhibitor used in kinase reaction buffers often used in combination with other phosphatase/protease inhibitors for broad spectrum inhibition and functions as an organic phosphate donor.

β-Glycerophosphate is a classical serine-threonine phosphatase inhibitor used in kinase reaction buffers. BGP is often used in combination with other phosphatase protease inhibitors for broad spectrum inhibition. It functions as an organic phosphate donor

Uridine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt (UDP disodium salt) is a specific agonist of the P2Y6 receptors (EC50 = 13 nM for human P2Y6), stimulating the production of inflammatory mediators, phagocytosis, and vasoconstriction. Uridine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt also acts as an antagonist of P2Y14.

Uridine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt (Disodium UMP) has been used to study the effect of pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor, 5-azacytidine, on cholesterol and lipid metabolism. It has been used to study the effect of nucleotides on growth of specific intestinal bacteria.

5'-Guanylic acid disodium salt (GMP-5) is a purine ribonucleoside monophosphate. L-Glutamic acid and guanosine monophosphate are biosynthesized from xanthylic acid and L-glutamine via GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]. Guanosine triphosphate and guanosine monophosphate are biosynthesized from diguanosine tetraphosphate via bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase [asymmetrical]. In humans, guanosine monophosphate is involved in the kanamycin, telithromycin, tobramycin, and erythromycin action pathways, and several metabolic disorders including AICA-ribosiduria, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria (D and L form) pathways. Guanosine monophosphate is also found in foods like onion-family vegetables, millet, Chinese water chestnut, and red rice, serving as a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.

D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium salt is a compound widely present in biological systems. It is a molecule formed when glucose undergoes phosphorylation at the 6th carbon. This compound participates in various metabolic regulatory pathways within the body, including the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis.

Uridine 5′-diphosphoglucose disodium salt (UDP-Glucose sodium salt) is an endogenous nucleotide sugar involved in glycosyltransferase reactions in metabolism. It is an agonist of the P2Y14 receptor (EC50 = 0.35 μM) and can also bind to and activate GPR17, inducing oligodendrocyte differentiation at a maximal concentration of 100 μM.

Clodronic acid disodium salt (Lodronate), a bisphosphonate, is a potent antiosteolytic agent which inhibits bone resorption.

Pemetrexed disodium hemipenta hydrate (LY-231514 Disodium Hydrate) is a new-type antifolate and antimetabolite for TS, DHFR, and GARFT. The Ki of Pemetrexed Disodium Hydrate for TS, DHFR and GARFT is 1.3 nM, 7.2 nM and 65 nM, respectively.

Guanosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt (5'-GDP-Na2) is a nucleoside diphosphate, is a potential iron mobilizer, which prevents the hepcidin-ferroportin interaction and modulating the interleukin-6 (IL-6) stat-3 pathway.

EDTA, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium dihydrate) is a metal ion chelator used as a protease inhibitor.EDTA, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate is a molecule that is ineffective against cellulase activity and is widely used in protein purification.EDTA, Disodium Salt, Dihydrate promotes the excretion of cellulase by binding to the metals and promotes their excretion.

ATP disodium salt (Adenosine-Triphosphate) is a P2 purinoceptor agonist.

Phytic acid dodecasodium salt hydrate (myo-Inositol, hexakis(dihydrogen phosphate) dodecasodium salt hydrate) is a phosphorus storage compound of seeds and cereal grains. Phytic acid dodecasodium salt hydrate inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase with an IC50 of 6 mM and has antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Guanosine-5'-triphosphate disodium salt (5'-GTP disodium salt) is an enhancer of myogenic cell differentiation and serves as an energy source for translation and other critical cellular processes.

Inosine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt hydrate (Inosine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt), or inosinic acid, is the ribonucleotide of hypoxanthine and the first nucleotide formed during purine synthesis.

ATP disodium salt hydrate (Adenosine disodium triphosphate) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the molecular unit of currency of intracellular energy transfer.

D-Fructose-6-phosphate (sodium salt hydrate) is a sugar intermediate in the glycolytic pathway produced by the isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate by glucose phosphate isomerase, and is used in cancer research.

NADP disodium salt (Disodium NADP) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NADP disodium salt is a key redox cofactor for electron transfer in the metabolism, serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH).

EDTA copper(II) disodium salt is a metal chelator with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, slows down damage caused by metal ions, maintains osmotic pressure during protein purification, and can be used in the study of neurological disorders.

D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate sodium salt hydrate is the intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism, including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. During glycolysis, it is produced by phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate by phosphofructokinase. The reverse reaction mediated by fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase-1 is one of the rate-limiting steps of gluconeogenesis. The same reaction occurs in the chloroplasts of plants, D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate sodium salt hydrate as part of the reducing pentose phosphate cycle. Since cancer cells use glycolysis as a primary source of metabolic energy production, this pathway has become a major target for cancer chemotherapy.

Calcium trinatrium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid hydrate (Ca-DTPA trisodium salt hydrate) is a metal chelator and a nontoxic inhibitor of CMV replication, as well as a useful antidote in cases of acute cadmium intoxication.

Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt (Methoxatin disodium salt), an aromatic tricyclic o-quinone, is a redox cofactor for bacterial dehydrogenases. It is an efficient electron transfer catalyst from a number of organic substrates to molecular oxygen (O2), constructing quinoprotein model reactions.

NADH disodium salt (Disodium NADH) hydrate is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) that can donate electrons in a reducing reaction, becoming oxidized to produce NAD+. Various enzymes utilize NADH disodium salt hydrate plus H+ to reduce substrates, generating NAD+ and the reduced product.

β-Glycerophosphate disodium salt pentahydrate is a protein phosphatase inhibitor.

DNQX disodium salt is a water-soluble form of selective antagonist of non-NMDA receptor

AzoMethine-H Monosodium salt hydrate (Sodium 5-hydroxy-4-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-7-sulfonaphthalene-2-sulfonate hydrate) is a reagent used for the colorimetric determination of boron in soil, plants, composts, manure, water and nutrient solutions.

Maleic acid disodium salt is a pharmaceutical intermediate used in the synthesis of other active compounds.

Phosphocreatine disodium hydrate ishigh-energy phosphate reservoir in vertebrate and some invertebrate muscle; provides phosphate for ADP-ATP conversion

Taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate (Sodium taurocholate hydrate), formed by the conjugation of taurine with cholic acid, is the primary ingredient in the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is employed as a cholagogue and choleretic.

Adenosine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt (Adenosine Phosphate Disodium) is a purine nucleotide involved in ATP metabolism and is used to study the effects of ATP on cells and organisms. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt has been shown to have a variety of biochemical and physiological effects. It has been shown to increase cell metabolism, gene expression, and protein synthesis.

DL-alpha-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium salt is an alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) antagonist that inhibits a variety of α-KG-dependent dioxygenases.

Thymidine-5'-monophosphate disodium salt (TMP DISODIUM SALT) is found in DNA. In mammalian cells, thymidine deprivation induces chromosome aberrations such as chromatid breaks, chromatid interchanges, and chromosome fragmentation.

UDP-Glucuronic acid is a nucleoside diphosphate sugar that is a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. This compound can be used for the formation of many glucuronides with various aglycones.1 1.Green, M.D., and Tephly, T.R.Glucuronidation of amine substrates by purified and expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase proteinsDrug Metab. Dispos.26(9)860-867(1998)

L-Cystine, disodium salt is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T65273 and the CAS number is 64704-23-0.

A-317491 sodium salt hydrate is a non-nucleotide P2X3 and P2X2 3 receptor antagonist that inhibits receptor-mediated calcium flux.

UDP-a-D-Galactose disodium salt is a donor substrate for galactosyltransferases employed in the biosynthesis of galactose-containing oligosaccharides[1].

Cefsulodin is a β-lactam antibiotic that lyses actively-growingE. coliby binding specifically to the intermembrane proteins, penicillin-binding proteins 1a and b, whose transglycosylase and transpeptidase activities are involved in cell elongation and septation.1Cefsulodin has been used in combination with other β-lactam antibiotics, such as cefazolin as a strategy to circumvent drug resistance.2

α-D-Glucose-1-phosphate is an intermediate in glycogen metabolism.1,2It is a precursor in the biosynthesis of UDP-glucose, the glucose donor in glycogen biosynthesis.2α-D-Glucose-1-phosphate can be formed during glycogen breakdownviaphosphorolytic cleavage of glycogen by glycogen phosphorylase.1It can be converted to glucose-6-phosphate by phosphoglucomutase. α-D-Glucose-1-phosphate is combined with CTP by α-D-glucose-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase to form CDP-glucose in the first step of CDP-D-tyvelose biosynthesis inS. typhi.3Bacterial sucrose phosphorylase converts sucrose and phosphate into D-fructose and α-D-glucose-1-phosphate.4 1.Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L., and Stryer, L.Glycogen breakdown requires the interplay of several enzymesBiochemistry(2002) 2.Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L., and Stryer, L.Glycogen is synthesized and degraded by different pathwaysBiochemistry(2002) 3.Koropatkin, N.M., and Holden, H.M.Molecular structure of ɑ-D-glucose-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase from Salmonella typhiJ. Biol. Chem.279(42)44023-44029(2004) 4.Goedl, C., Schwarz, A., Minani, A., et al.Recombinant sucrose phosphorylase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides: Characterization, kinetic studies of transglucosylation, and application of immobilised enzyme for production of ɑ-Ｄ-glucose 1-phosphateJ. Biotechnol.129(1)77-86(2007)

Ganglioside GD3 disodium salt is a melanoma-associated antigen commonly targeted in immune therapy for melanomas.

EC-17 (disodium salt), a folate receptor alpha (FRα) targeting contrast agent, exhibits fluorescent properties within the visible light spectrum, characterized by peak excitation and emission wavelengths of 470/520 nm, respectively.

ARL-67156 trisodium salt hydrate is an ecto-ATPase inhibitor that prevents metabolism of P2 purinoceptor agonists.

group I/group II metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist

Flavin adenine dinucleotide disodium salt (FAD sodium salt) is a flavin dinucleotide that is synthesized when the AMP moiety from ATP is transferred onto riboflavin 5'-monophosphate. FAD functions as a coenzyme that facilitates the transfer of electrons by flavoenzymes in oxidation-reduction reactions in cells.

5-Phospho-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) is a natural intermediate involved in the pentose phosphate pathway leading to purine, pyrimidine, and histidine metabolism. It is also an intermediate in the synthesis of plant hormones, alkaloids, and other secondary metabolites from glucose. Several phosphoribosyltransferases (PRTases) use PRPP as a substrate to add a 5-phosphoribosyl group to another substrate, as in the production of adenosine monophosphate from adenine and PRPP by adenine PRTase. N/A

N6-Methyladenosine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt is a glycogen phosphorylase b activator and an inhibitor of adenylate kinase II.

Adenosine 3’-monophosphate is a nucleotide and metabolite formedviahydrolysis of 2’,3’-cAMP by metal-dependent phosphodiesterases.1It reduces proliferation of rat preglomerular vascular smooth muscles cells (PGVSMCs) and glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) in a concentration-dependent manner, an effect that is abolished by the adenosine A2Breceptor antagonist MRS1754.2Adenosine 3’-monophosphate is also a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of adenosine .

Betamethasone 21-phosphate is a synthetic glucocorticoid.1It prevents increases in macrophage and eosinophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and decreases in blood leukocyte numbers in a guinea pig model of parainfluenza-3 viral infection when administered at a dose of 8 mg/kg but does not prevent airway hyperresponsiveness after infection.2Betamethasone 21-phosphate inhibits cell infiltration into the aqueous humor in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis when administered topically or subcutaneously at doses of 0.01-1% or 1 mg/kg, respectively.3It increases maximal lung pressure volume curves in fetal sheep when administered to pregnant ewes at 0.75 gestation at doses of 80 and 170 μg/kg.1Betamethasone 21-phosphate increases body weight, impairs learning and memory, increases anxiolytic behavior, and reduces hippocampal neurogenesis in CD-1 mice but reduces body weight and increases neurogenesis with no effect on anxiety in high-anxiety DBA/2 mice when administered at a dose of approximately 25 mg/kg per day in the drinking water for seven weeks.4Formulations containing betamethasone 12-phosphate and betamethasone acetate have been used in the treatment of severe allergic conditions and a variety of immune-related conditions. 1.Loehle, M., Schwab, M., Kadner, S., et al.Dose-response effects of betamethasone on maturation of the fetal sheep lungAm. J. Obstet. Gynecol.202(2)186.e181-186.e187(2010) 2.Leusink-Muis, A., Ten Broeke, R., Folkerts, G., et al.Betamethasone prevents virus-induced airway inflammation but not airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigsClin. Exp. Allergy29(Suppl. 2)82-85(1999) 3.Tsuji, F., Sawa, K., Kato, M., et al.The effects of betamethasone derivatives on endotoxin-induced uveitis in ratExp. Eye Res.64(1)31-36(1997) 4.Aiello, R., Crupi, R., Leo, A., et al.Long-term betamethasone 21-phosphate disodium treatment has distinct effects in CD1 and DBA/2 mice on animal behavior accompanied by opposite effects on neurogenesisBehav. Brain Res.278155-166(2015)

L-2-Phosphoglyceric acid disodium salt is a glyceric acid which serves as the substrate in glycolysis. It is catalyzed by enolase into phosphoenolpyruvate.