angiotensin ii (14), human tfa

Angiotensin II is a potent direct vasoconstrictor, causing arteries and veins to constrict, so leading to an increase in blood pressure.

Angiotensin II human (Ang II) is a biologically active peptide, a vasoconstrictor. Angiotensin II interacts with AT1R and AT2R to regulate blood pressure, stimulate sympathetic nerves, and increase aldosterone biosynthesis and renal activity in humans.

Angiotensin II 5-valine TFA is an agonist of angiotensin receptor.

Gastrin I (1-14), human, is the 1-14 peptide fragment of human gastrin I, an endogenous gastrointestinal peptide hormone, and is the primary hormonal regulator of gastric acid secretion.

ELA-14(human) acetate is a fragment of ELA that binds to APJ, activates the Gαi1 and β-arrestin-2 signaling pathways, and induces receptor internalization similarly to its parent endogenous peptide.

Kisspeptin-10, human TFA is a potent vasoconstrictor and angiogenesis inhibitor. Kisspeptin-10, human TFA acts as a tumor metastasis suppressor via its receptor GPR54. Kisspeptin-10-GPR54 system plays an important role in embryonic kidney development. Kisspeptin-10/GPR54 signaling induces osteoblast differentiation via NFATc4-mediated BMP2 expression

[Sar1, Ile8]-Angiotensin II acetate activates both the NADPH and NADH oxidases, and stimulates superoxide anion formation in vascular smooth muscle cells. [Sar1, Ile8]-Angiotensin II acetate has multiple effects on vascular smooth muscle, including contra

Urotensin II (114-124), human acetate is an 11-amino acid residue peptide, is a potent vasoconstrictor and agonist for the orphan receptor GPR14.

Angiotensin I/II (1-5) is a peptide (ASP-ARG-VAL-TYR-ILE) that contains the amino acids 1-5 and is converted from Angiotensin I/II.

Gastrin-Releasing Peptide, human(TFA) is a regulatory human peptide that elicits gastrin release and regulates gastric acid secretion and enteric motor function. The post-ganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve that innervate the G cells of the stomach release GRP, which stimulates the G cells to release gastrin.

[Sar1, Ile8]-Angiotensin II 3TFA ([Sar1, Ile8]-Angiotensin II 3TFA (37827-06-8(free base))) is a peptide that has multiple effects on vascular smooth muscle.

Cortistatin 14, human, rat acetate is a neuropeptide having structural similarity to somatostatin-14 and shows anticonvulsive, neuroprotective effects and remarkable anti-inflammatory properties. Cortistatin 14, human, rat acetate binds and exerts its fun

Angiotensinogen (1-14), human acetate is a fragment of angiotensinogen which is a passive substrate of the renin-angiotensin system.

CaM kinase II inhibitor TFA salt (Autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide (TFA)) is a highly specific and potent inhibitor of CaMKII with an IC50 of 40 nM.

Angiotensin 1/2 (1-9)TFA is containing the amino acids 1-9 that are converted from Angiotensin I/II peptide.

Angiotensin I/II (1-6) is a peptide (ASP-ARG-VAL-TYR-ILE-HIS) that contains the amino acids 1-6 and is converted from Angiotensin I/II peptide.

Biotin-β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA, also known as Biotin-Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42) (human) TFA, is a biotin-labeled 42-amino acid peptide implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Angiotensin II human acetate (DRVYIHPF acetate) is a vasoconstrictor that mainly acts on the AT1 receptor.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (18-39), human TFA (CLIP human TFA) is a corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide produced in the melanotrophs of the pituitary's intermediate lobe.

Tau protein (592-597), Human (TFA) is a peptide fragment of human Tau protein.

Angiotensin I (human, mouse, rat) is the precursor to the vasoconstrictor peptide angiotensin II, cleaved by the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). This peptide hormone causes vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure as part of the renin–angiotensin system, also stimulating aldosterone release from the adrenal cortex to promote sodium retention by the kidneys.

FibrinopeptideB,human is a 14-amino acid polypeptide released from the amino terminus of the fibrinogen segment.

Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (1-20) (IRBP1-20), a dodecapeptide fragment of retinoid-binding protein 3, plays a crucial role in pigment regeneration by facilitating the transport of retinol and retinal between photoreceptor cells and the retinal pigment epithelium. It has been utilized to provoke autoimmune uveoretinitis in C57BL/6 mice, possessing the H-2b haplotype. Furthermore, IRBP1-20 at a concentration of 3 µM enhances the secretion of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 from primary mouse spleen lymphocytes. Immunization and subsequent rechallenge with IRBP1-20 lead to increased ear swelling, inflammation of ocular blood vessels, infiltration by immune cells, damage to the photoreceptor layer, and retinal detachment in IFN-γ-deficient mice.

Gastric inhibitory peptide 1 (GIP-1) (3-42), a fragment of the incretin hormone GIP and antagonist to the GIP receptor, is generated through the action of serum dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DDP-4). When administered at 25 nmol/kg to an ob/ob mouse diabetes model, GIP-1 (3-42) elevates plasma glucose levels and lowers plasma insulin levels, demonstrating its effect on reducing insulin secretion from BRIN-BD11 pancreatic cells at a concentration of 100 nM.

LL-37 (18-37), an antimicrobial peptide fragment of LL-37, exhibits activity against S. aureus and C. albicans, with minimum lethal concentrations of 4 µM and 10 µM, respectively. Additionally, it inhibits E. histolytica trophozoites growth at concentrations between 10 to 50 µM.

Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) II, rat (TFA) is a neuropeptide with 37 amino acid.

ACTH (1-14) (TFA) is a polypeptide of corticotrophin, which promotes the release of cortisol.

MART-1 (26-35) (human) TFA is an amino acid residue of 26-35 protein.

MCH (human, mouse, rat) TFA is a potent peptide agonist for MCH receptors, exhibiting binding IC50 values of 0.3 nM for MCH1R and 1.5 nM for MCH2R. It is particularly effective against MCH-2R in a CHO cell line, with functional activation EC50 values of 3.9 nM for MCH-1R and 0.1 nM for MCH-2R, as evidenced by intracellular calcium mobilization measured with FLIPR [1].

CART(62-76)(human,rat) TFA, a neuropeptide encompassing residues 62-76 of the CART peptide, exhibits neurotransmitter-like properties and modulates the striatal noradrenergic system, as well as the corticostriatal and hypothalamic serotoninergic (5-HT) systems in the rat brain [1].

[Ala11,D-Leu15]-Orexin B(human) TFA is a potent, selective agonist for the orexin-2 receptor (OX2), demonstrating 400-fold higher selectivity for OX2 (EC50=0.13 nM) compared to the orexin-1 receptor (OX1) with an EC50 of 52 nM.

Obestatin(human) TFA, an endogenous peptide originating from the same prepropeptide as ghrelin, is known to suppress food intake and reduce weight gain in rats.

Orexin B, human (TFA) is an endogenous agonist at Orexin receptor with Kis of 420 and 36 nM for OX1 and OX2.

(Leu31,Pro34)-Peptide YY (human) (TFA) is the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) form of (Leu31,Pro34)-Peptide YY (human), a derivative of Peptide YY that acts as a potent and selective Y1 agonist, exhibiting a dissociation constant (K D) of 1.0 nM [1].

GRP (14-27) (human, porcine, canine) serves as a ligand for bombesin receptors, with specific binding inhibited by GTP and GDP, but unaffected by GMP [1].

Angiotensinogen is a serum globulin formed by the liver that is cleaved by renin to form angiotensin I. Angiotensinogen is also called angiotensin precursor.

β-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH), human TFA, is a 22-residue peptide functioning as an endogenous agonist for the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) [1].

Human β-CGRP TFA (β-CGRP, human TFA) is a calcitonin peptide that functions through interaction with the calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor-activity-modifying protein (RAMP) complex, demonstrating IC50 values of 1 nM and 300 nM for CRLR/RAMP1 and CRLR/RAMP2, respectively, in cellular assays [1].

TNF-α (31-45), human (TFA), is a peptide of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF alpha), an inflammatory cytokine that induces necrosis or apoptosis.

[Sar1, Ile8]-Angiotensin II (TFA) is a peptide compound that affects vascular smooth muscle by causing contraction of normal arteries and inducing hypertrophy or hyperplasia in cultured cells or diseased vessels.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (1-37), human (TFA), is a highly potent agonist of the GLP-1 receptor and is a pancreatic hormone synthesized through post-translational processing of proglucagon.

TNF-α (31-45), human (TFA) is a peptide of tumor necrosis factor-α.

Lys-γ3-MSH(human) TFA, a melanocortin peptide originating from the C-terminal fragment of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), enhances the steroidogenic response of rat adrenal glands to adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH). It is a potent stimulator of lipolysis, demonstrating an apparent EC50 of 3.56 nM, by activating hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and Perilipin A, leading to lipolysis [1] [2].

Human Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor TFA, also known as Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor Human TFA, is a hypothalamic polypeptide that promotes the production and release of growth hormone (GH) through its interaction with the Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Receptor (GHRHR) on anterior pituitary cells [1].

PAMP-12(human, porcine) TFA, a significant constituent of immunoreactive (ir)-PAMP, derives from the adrenomedullin precursor and functions as a potent hypotensive peptide involved in cardiovascular regulation [1].

Lactoferricin B (4-14), bovine (TFA), is a peptide derived from residues 4-14 of bovine lactoferrin, exhibiting broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms[1].

Angiotensin II (5-8) is an endogenous C-terminal fragment of the peptide vasoconstrictor angiotensin II

TIP39, a neuropeptide and an agonist for the parathyroid hormone receptor type 2 (PTH2R), effectively increases cAMP levels in COS-7 cells featuring recombinant PTH2R from humans or rats (EC50s = 0.5 and 0.8 nM, respectively), as well as in F-11 cells that naturally express PTH2R (EC50 = 1.15 nM). Furthermore, TIP39 at 1 nM halts the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and reduces Sox9 expression, a crucial regulator of cartilage differentiation, in CFK2 rat chondrocytes. Additionally, administering 100 pmol/animal of TIP39 reduces the immobility period in the forced swim test in mice, indicating a potential antidepressant effect.

[Sar1, Ile8]-Angiotensin II(3TFA) is a peptide that has multiple effects on vascular smooth muscle.

Angiotensin III, human, mouse (Angiotensin III, human, mouse(3TFA))(3TFA) is an endogenous angiotensin II receptor (AT2R) agonist(IC50s of 0.648 nM).