aPKC-I is an inhibitor of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC ) which inhibits both PKCζ and PKCι with high specificity and prevents VEGF-induced endothelial permeability in cell culture and in vivo, thereby blocking ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced permeability.

PHA-543613 hydrochloride acts as a potent and selective agonist for the α7 subtype of neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, with a high level of brain penetration and good oral bioavailability. It is under development as a possible treatment for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.