cell proliferation

May regulate the transport and translation of mRNAs of proteins involved in synaptic plasticity in neurons and cell proliferation and migration in multiple cell types. Binds directly and selectively to MYC and CCND2 RNAs. In neuronal cells, directly binds to several mRNAs associated with RNA granules, including BDNF, CAMK2A, CREB1, MAP2, NTRK2 mRNAs, as well as to GRIN1 and KPNB1 mRNAs, but not to rRNAs. Caprin-1/CAPRIN1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 80.7 kDa and the accession number is Q14444.

Involved in the uptake of thrombin-antithrombin complexes by hepatic cells. When phosphorylated, plays a role in filament reorganization. Involved in the delivery of mutated CFTR to the plasma membrane. Together with KRT8, is involved in interleukin-6 (IL-6)-mediated barrier protection. KRT18 Protein, Human, Recombinant (E. coli, His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 52.0 kDa and the accession number is P05783.

Involved in the uptake of thrombin-antithrombin complexes by hepatic cells. When phosphorylated, plays a role in filament reorganization. Involved in the delivery of mutated CFTR to the plasma membrane. Together with KRT8, is involved in interleukin-6 (IL-6)-mediated barrier protection.

L-Lactate Dehydrogenase A Chain (LDHA) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-lactate and NAD+ to pyruvate and NADH in the final step of anaerobic glycolysis. LDHA contains an N-terminal coenzyme binding region, a central catalytic site, and at least nine utilized Lys acetylation and two Tyr phosphorylation sites. LDHA belongs to the lactate dehydrogenase family, expressed predominantly in muscle tissue. LDHA mutations have been linked to exertional myoglobinuria.

Ferritin heavy polypeptide 1(FTH1), is a ubiquitous intracellular protein which stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form. FTH1 has ferroxidase activity and is important for iron homeostasis. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation. Ferritin is composed of 24 subunits of the light and heavy ferritin chains. It plays a role in delivery of iron to cells and mediates iron uptake in capsule cells of the developing kidney. Variation of ferritin subunit composition may affect iron absorption and release in different tissues. Deficiency of ferritin proteins may cause several neurodegenerative diseases. Almost all living organisms can produce this protein, including algae, bacteria, higher plants, and animals.

Serpin H1 is a serine proteinase inhibitors Which belongs to the serpin family. Serpin H1 is induced by heat shock. Serpin H1 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum lumen and binds specifically to collagen. Thus it is thought to be a molecular chaperone involved in the maturation of collagen molecules. Autoantibodies to this protein have been found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Serpin H1 may be a marker for cancer and nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with preterm birth caused by preterm premature rupture of membranes.

TMX2 is a single-pass type I membrane protein and contains 1 thioredoxin domain. Thioredoxin plays an important role in various cellular processes through redox regulation. The Molecular Cloning and characterization of one member of the thioredoxin superfamily, designated as TMX2.The TMX2 cDNA consists of 1644 nucleotides and contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 372 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 42.5 kDa and an isoelectric point of 8.94. The TMX2 protein may possess an N-terminal signal peptide, a potential transmembrane domain, an Myb DNA-binding domain repeat signature, a thioredoxin consensus pattern, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane retention signal (KKXX-like motif), and a dileucine motif in the tail.

Part of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) that enables the energy-independent insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membranes of newly synthesized membrane proteins. Preferentially accommodates proteins with transmembrane domains that are weakly hydrophobic or contain destabilizing features such as charged and aromatic residues. Involved in the cotranslational insertion of multi-pass membrane proteins in which stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequences become ER membrane spanning helices. It is also required for the post-translational insertion of tail-anchored/TA proteins in endoplasmic reticulum membranes. By mediating the proper cotranslational insertion of N-terminal transmembrane domains in an N-exo topology, with translocated N-terminus in the lumen of the ER, controls the topology of multi-pass membrane proteins like the G protein-coupled receptors. By regulating the insertion of various proteins in membranes, it is indirectly involved in many cellular processes (Probable).

Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease which catalyzes limited proteolysis of substrates involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and signal transduction. Proteolytically cleaves CTBP1 at 'Asn-375', 'Gly-388' and 'His-410'.

Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease which catalyzes limited proteolysis of substrates involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and signal transduction. Proteolytically cleaves CTBP1 at 'Asn-375', 'Gly-387' and 'His-409'. CAPN1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 85.9 kDa and the accession number is P07384.

NCBP2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 44.9 kDa and the accession number is P52298.

Interleukin 11 (IL-11) is a member of a family of human growth factors that includes human growth hormone, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and other growth factors. IL-11 is a thrombopoietic growth factor that directly stimulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitor cells and induces megakaryocyte maturation resulting in increased platelet production. It also promotes the proliferation of hepatocytes in response to liver damage. Binding to its receptor formed by IL6ST and either IL11RA1 or IL11RA2, It activates a signaling cascade that promotes cell proliferation. The signaling leads to the activation of intracellular protein kinases and the phosphorylation of STAT3.

Growth-regulated alpha protein (CXCL1,KC), is a member of the alpha chemokine subfamily, was initially identified as an immediate early gene induced in mouse fibroblasts by platelet-derived growth factor. The N-terminal processed form KC(5-72) of the protein is produced by proteolytic cleavage after secretion from bone marrow stromal cells, and shows a highly enhanced hematopoietic activity. Mouse KC shows approximately 63% identity to that of mouse MIP-2. KC is also approximately 60% identical to the human GROs. It has been suggested that mouse KC and MIP-2 are the orthologs of the human GROs and rat CINCs. Cxcl1 has chemotactic activity for neutrophils, and contributes to neutrophil activation during inflammation. Hematoregulatory chemokine, in vitro, suppresses hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation.

Galectin-1 is a member of growing family of evolutionary conserved animal lectins. Galectin-1 is widely expressed in many cells and tissues. Galectins consists of a Galectin domain and two Beta-galactoside binding domains. Galectin-1 can binds LGALS3BP and interacts with CD2, CD3, CD4, CD7, CD43 and CD45. Galectin-1 may act as an autocrine negative growth factor which regulates apoptosis, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. In addition, Galectin-1 plays improtant roles in immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory properties.

Interleukin 3 is a pleiotropic factor produced primarily by activated T cells that can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells as well as various lineage committed progenitors. In addition, IL-3 also affects the functional activity of mature mast cells, basophils, eosinophils and macrophages.Because of its multiple functions and targets, it was originally studied under different names, including mast cell growth factor P-cell stimulating factor, burst promoting activity, multi-colony stimulating factor, thy-1 inducing factor and WEHI-3 growth factor. In addition to activated T cells, other cell types such as human thymic epithelial cells, activated mouse mast cells, mouse keratinocytes and neurons/astrocytes can also produce IL-3. IL-3 exerts its biological activities through binding to specific cell surface receptors. The high affinity receptor responsible for IL-3. signaling is composed of α and βsubunits. IL-3 is capable of supporting the proliferation of abroad range of hematopoietic cell types. It is involved in avariety of cell activities such as cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. IL-3 has been shown to also possess neurotrophic activity, and it may be associated with neurologic disorders.

B-cell activating factor (BAFF), also known as BLyS, TALL-1, THANK, and TNFSF13B, is a transmembrane glycoprotein in the TNF ligand superfamily. BAFF is a cytokine and serves as a ligand for receptors TNFRSF13B (TACI), TNFRSF17 (BCMA), and TNFRSF13C (BAFFR). BAFF can promotes the survival, proliferation and maturation of B lymphocytes, which are key elements in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This cytokine is encoded on TNFSF13B gene, and diverse single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility in diferent autoimmune disorders. BAFF is a transmembranal protein expressed on myeloid lineage and some epithelial cells, through diferent stimuli such as IFN-γ, IFN-α, interleukin (IL)-10, Toll-like receptors (TLR)-3, TLR-4 and TLR-7.

Follistatin-Related Protein 1 (FSTL1) is a secreted protein that contains two EF-hand domains, one follistatin-like domain, one Kazal-like domain, and one VWFC domain. Its functional significance in physiological and pathological processes is not completely understood. However, FSTL1 is thought to modulate the action of some growth factors on cell proliferation and differentiation. FSTL1 maybe an autoantigen associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9(TNFRSF9) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. It can be induced by lymphocyte activation (ILA) and is expressed by activated T cells, but to a larger extent on CD8 than on CD4 T cells. In addition, TNFRSF9 expression is found on dendritic cells, follicular dendritic cells, natural killer cells, granulocytes and cells of blood vessel walls at sites of inflammation. As receptor for TNFSF9/4-1BBL, it can activate T cells and the cross-linking of this protein can enhance T cell proliferation, IL-2 secretion survival and cytolytic activity. Further, it can enhance immune activity to eliminate tumors in mice.

Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 1 (ALK-1) is a type I cell-surface receptor for the TGF-β superfamily of ligands, which mediates signaling of BMP9 (bone morphogenetic protein) and BMP10. ALK1 signaling is necessary for angiogenesis during embryogenesis, wound healing, and tumor growth. ALK-1 has a high degree of similarity in serine-threonine kinase subdomains, a glycine and serine rich region preceding the kinase-domain, and a C-terminal tail with other activin receptor-like kinase proteins. ALK-1 is mainly expressed in endothelial cells regulating proliferation and migration in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. Mutations in ALK-1 as well as in endoglin are associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), suggesting ALK-1 plays a critical role for in the control of blood vessel development or repair.

Interleukin-2(IL-2)is a O-glycosylated four α-helix bundle cytokine that has potent stimulatory activity for antigenactivated T cells. It is expressed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and eosinophils. Mature rat IL-2 shares 66% and 73% amino acid sequence identity with human and mouse IL-2,respectively. The receptor for IL-2 consists of three subunits that are present on the cell surface in varying preformed complexes. IL-2 is a powerful immunoregulatory lymphokine produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. IL-2/IL-2R signaling is required for T-cell proliferation and other fundamental functions that are essential for the immune response. IL-2 stimulates growth and differentiation of B-cells, NK cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, monocytes, macrophages and oligodendrocytes.

Low Molecular Weight Phosphotyrosine Protein Phosphatase (LMW-PTP) is a member of the low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase family. LMW-PTP serves as an acid phosphatase and a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) by hydrolyzing protein tyrosine phosphate to protein tyrosine and orthophosphate. LMW-PTP can be detected in all human tissues, including adipocytes. LMW-PTP is a cytosolic enzyme that regulate cell proliferation and growth of leiomyomas during dephosphorylation of the PDGF receptor. In addition, LMW-PTP plays an important role in the regulation of physiological functions, such as stress resistance and synthesis of the polysaccharide capsule.

Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal-Type 1 (SPINK1) is a trypsin inhibitor that prevent the trypsin-catalyzed premature activation of zymogens within the pancreas. Defects in SPINK1 are a cause of pancreatitis (PCTT). A disease characterized by the presence of calculi in pancreatic ducts. It causes severe abdominal pain attacks. Defects in SPINK1 are the cause of susceptibility to tropical calcific pancreatitis (TCP). Recombinant SPINK1 protein (rSPINK1) stimulated cell proliferation in benign RWPE as well as cancerous prostate cells. The research result indicated that the potential of SPINK1 as an extracellular therapeutic target in prostate cancer. In contrast, knockdown of SPINK1 in 22RV1 cells inhibited cell proliferation, cell invasion, and tumor growth in xenograft assays.

Mouse Cxcl12 is a secreted and highly conserved protein which belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family.CXCL12 is widely expressed in various organs including brain, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and lymphoid organs. Cxcl12 activates the C-X-C chemokine receptor CXCR4 to induce a rapid and transient rise in the level of intracellular calcium ions and chemotaxis. It also binds to atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3 which activates the beta-arrestin pathway and acts as a scavenger receptor for SDF-1. Cxcl12 has several critical functions during embryonic development such as B-cell lymphopoiesis, myelopoiesis in bone marrow and heart ventricular septum formation. Cxcl12 plays an important role in acting as a positive regulator of monocyte migration and a negative regulator of monocyte adhesion via the LYN kinase. It stimulates migration of monocytes and T-lymphocytes through its receptors, CXCR4 and ACKR3, and decreases monocyte adherence to surfaces coated with ICAM-1, a ligand for beta-2 integrins. SDF1A/CXCR4 signaling axis inhibits beta-2 integrin LFA-1 mediated adhesion of monocytes to ICAM-1 through LYN kinase. It also plays a protective role after myocardial infarction, induces down-regulation and internalization of ACKR3 expressed in various cells and stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow-derived b progenitor cells in the presence of IL-7 as well as growth of the stromal cell-dependent B-cell clone DW34 cells.

Members of the S100 protein family are involved in calcium- or zinc-dependent cellular functions and regulate immune-mechanisms, cell proliferation and differentiation. Some S100 members have been established as tumor markers because they are dysregulated during carcinogenesis. Psoriasin (S100A7) and koebnerisin (S100A15) are highly homologous proteins that have been first described in psoriasis, which is characterized by disturbed epidermal maturation and chronic inflammation. Several studies showed that the coexpression of the hS100A7 and hS100A15 in psoriasis suggests that both proteins participate in keratinocyte maturation, proliferation and/or skin inflammation.

The protein specifically promotes pancreatic beta cell proliferation and beta cell mass expansion, thereby improving glucose tolerance. It promotes pancreatic beta cell proliferation without insulin resistance. Also it acts as a blood lipid regulator by regulating serum triglyceride levels and possibly by promoting ANGPTL3 cleavage. It interacts with ANGPTL3. It predominantly expressed in liver and also expressed in adipose tissues. The ability of the protein to induce pancreatic beta cell proliferation is promising in diabetes therapy. Betatrophin treatment could supply or replace insulin injections by increasing the number of insulin-producing cells in diabetes.

Interleukin-21(IL-21) is an approximately 14 kDa cytokine which belongs to the IL-15/IL-21 family. Mature mouse IL-21 shares 66%,59%, 58%, and 88% aa sequence identity with mature canine, human, rabbit, and rat IL-21, respectively. IL-21 is produced by activated T follicular helper cells (Tfh), Th17 cells, and NKT cells. It exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex (IL-21 specific IL-21 R). IL-21 is a cytokine that has potent regulatory effects on cells of the immune system, including natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T cells that can destroy virally infected or cancerous cells. This cytokine induces cell division/proliferation in its target cells. It is required for the migration of dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes .It co‑stimulates the activation, proliferation, and survival of CD8+ T cells and NKT cells and promotes Th17 cell polarization. It blocks the generation of regulatory T cells and their suppressive effects on CD4+ T cells.

Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a 12­16 kDa member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. It possesses an EGF­like domain, and a heparin-binding motif. Mature HB­EGF is a soluble peptide that arises from proteolytic processing of the transmembrane form. Human HB­EGF shows 76% and 73% aa sequence identity with rat and mouse HB­EGF, respectively. It is required for normal cardiac valve formation and normal heart function, promotes smooth muscle cell proliferation. It may be involved in macrophage-mediated cellular proliferation; it is mitogenic for fibroblasts, but not endothelial cells. HB­EGF classified as a group 2 ErbB ligand based on its ability to activate both the EGF/ErbB1 and ErbB4 receptors. Activity associated with ErbB4 binding appears to be limited to non­mitogenic actions, while EGFR binding induces both mitogenic and non­mitogenic activity.

Delta-like protein 4 (DLL4) is a type I membrane protein belonging to the Delta/Serrate/Lag2 (DSL) family of Notch ligands. Activates NOTCH1 and NOTCH4. Involved in angiogenesis; negatively regulates endothelial cell proliferation and migration and angiogenic sprouting. Essential for retinal progenitor proliferation. Required for suppressing rod fates in late retinal progenitors as well as for proper generation of other retinal cell types (By similarity). During spinal cord neurogenesis, inhibits V2a interneuron fate.

Axl, a member of the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) family, and its inhibitors can specifically break the kinase signaling nodes, allowing advanced patients to regain drug sensitivity with improved therapeutic efficacy. Overexpression and activation of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase have been widely accepted to promote cell proliferation, chemotherapy resistance, invasion, and metastasis in several human cancers, such as lung, breast, and pancreatic cancers. AXL Protein (Primary Amine Labeling), Human, Recombinant (hFc), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 72.6 kDa and the accession number is P30530-1.

Fibroblast growth factor 4(FGF-4) is a heparin binding member of the FGF family. The human FGF4 cDNA encodes 206 amino acids (aa) with a 33 aa signal sequence and a 173 aa mature protein with an FGF homology domain that contains a heparin binding region near the C-terminus. Mature human FGF4 shares 91%, 82%, 94% and 91% aa identity with mouse, rat, canine and bovine FGF4, respectively. Human FGF-4 has been shown to exhibit cross species activity. Expression of FGF-4 and its receptors, FGF R1c, 2c, 3c and 4, is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. FGF-4 is proposed to play a physiologically relevant role in human embryonic stem cell selfrenewal. It promotes stem cell proliferation, but may also aid differentiation depending on context and concentration, and is often included in embryonic stem cell media in vitro. FGF-4 is mitogenic for fibroblasts and endothelial cells in vitro and has autocrine transforming potential. It is a potent angiogenesis promoter in vivo and has been investigated as therapy for coronary artery disease.

Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5b (STAT5B) is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors. They are responsible for an array of cellular activities including regulating growth, survival, differentiation, motility, and the immune response. STAT5B mediates the signal transduction triggered by various cell ligands, such as IL2, IL4, CSF1, and different growth hormones. It has been shown to be involved in diverse biological processes, such as TCR signaling, apoptosis, adult mammary gland development, and sexual dimorphism of liver gene expression. Signal transduction and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) is a member of the Jak/STAT signal transduction pathway and is activated by a variety of cytokines (IL22, IL6). STAT5 has two isoforms (A and B) that share 93% amino acid identity and bind the DNA consensus site TTCN3GAA. STAT5 mediates cytokine signaling by acting as a signal transducer in the cytoplasm and, upon phosphorylation, translocates to the nucleus and activates transcription of specific genes. STAT5 is involved in a wide array of biological processes ranging from regulating apoptosis to adult mammary gland proliferation, differentiation and survival.

FKBP25 contains 1 PPIase FKBP-type domain, belongs to the FKBP-type PPIase family. FK506- and rapamycin-binding proteins (FKBPs) constitute a family of receptors for the two immunosuppressants which inhibit T-cell proliferation by arresting two distinct cytoplasmic signal transmission pathways. FKBP3 is a cis-trans prolyl isomerase enzyme that binds the immunosuppressants FK506 and rapamycin, as well as histone deacetylases, the transcription factor YY1, casein kinase II, and nucleolin. It has a higher affinity for rapamycin than for FK506 and thus may be an important target molecule for immunosuppression by rapamycin.

Fibroblast growth factor-9 (FGF-9) is an approximately 26 kDa secreted glycoprotein of the FGF family. Secreted mouse FGF-9 lacks the N-terminal 1-3 aa and shares >98% sequence identity with rat, human, equine, porcine and bovine FGF-9. FGF-9 plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration. In the mouse embryo the location and timing of FGF-9 expression affects development of the skeleton, cerebellum, lungs, heart, vasculature, digestive tract, and testes .It may have a role in glial cell growth and differentiation during development, gliosis during repair and regeneration of brain tissue after damage, differentiation and survival of neuronal cells, and growth stimulation of glial tumors. Deletion of mouse FGF-9 is lethal at birth due to lung hypoplasia, and causes rhizomelia, or shortening of the proximal skeleton. An unusual constitutive dimerization of FGF 9 buries receptor interaction sites which lowers its activity, and increases heparin affinity which inhibits diffusion. A spontaneous mouse mutant, Eks, interferes with dimerization, resulting monomeric, diffusible FGF-9 that causes elbow and knee synostoses (joint fusions) due to FGF-9 misexpression in developing joints.

Heat shock protein beta-8 (HSPB8) belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family. This protein can be inducted by 17-beta-estradiol, and is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle and heat, mainly located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. HSPB8 usually exists in monomer, it can interact with HSPB1 and DNAJB6. HSPB8 displays temperature-dependent chaperone activity，appears to be involved in regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis, and mutations in this gene have been associated with different neuromuscular diseases, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15), also called Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine 1 (MIC-1), is a divergent member of the TGF-beta superfamily. GDF15 can be secreted by a wide variety of cell types in response to a broad range of stressors. GDF-15 expression is dramatically upregulated during acute brain injury, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and inflammation, suggesting its potential value as a disease biomarker. GDF15 was shown to inhibit proliferation of primitive hematopoietic progenitors and introduced as a putative placental mediator of embryonic development. GDF15 has recently gained scientific and translational prominence with the discovery that its receptor is a GFRAL-RET heterodimer of which GFRAL is expressed solely in the hindbrain.

Cornulin is a member of the fused gene family of molecular chaperones. Human Cornulin contains N-terminus EF-hand domains and Ca2+ binding domains, and two glutamine- and threonine-rich 60 amino acid repeats in its C-terminus. Cornulin involves in the mucosal/epithelial immune response and epidermal differentiation. Cornulin is a survival factor that participates in the clonogenicity of squamous esophageal epithelium cell lines, attenuates deoxycholic acid (DCA)-induced apoptotic cell death and release of calcium. When Cornulin is overexpressed in oral squamous carcinoma cell lines, it regulates negatively cell proliferation by the induction of G1 arrest.

The insulin family consists of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), their receptors (IR, IGF-1R and IGF-2R), and their binding proteins. All three ligands are involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, protein synthesis and metabolism due to their homologous sequences and structural similarities. Insulin-like growth factor 2, a member of the insulin family, plays an important role in embryonic development, metabolic disorders, and tumorigenesis by combining with three receptors with different degrees of affinity.

CD70, also named CD27 ligand (CD27L), is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the TNF superfamily (TNFSF) and has been designated TNFSF7.  CD70 is a cytokine that binds to CD27. Plays a role in T-cell activation. Induces the proliferation of costimulated T-cells and enhances the generation of cytolytic T-cells. CD27 Ligand/CD70 Trimer Protein, Human, Recombinant (His), FITC-Labeled is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 51.8 kDa and the accession number is P32970-1.

TNF superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15), a cytokine largely produced by vascular endothelial cells and a specific inhibitor of the proliferation of these same cells, can inhibit VEGF-induced vascular permeability in vitro and in vivo, and that death receptor 3 (DR3), a cell surface receptor of TNFSF15, mediates TNFSF15-induced dephosphorylation of VEGFR2. TNFSF15 Protein, Cynomolgus/Rhesus macaque, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 21.52 kDa and the accession number is A0A2K5UA22.

Flt‑3 Ligand, also known as FL, is an alpha -helical cytokine that promotes the differentiation of multiple hematopoietic cell lineages.Stimulates the proliferation of early hematopoietic cells by activating FLT3. Synergizes well with a number of other colony stimulating factors and interleukins. FLT3 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 84.78 kDa and the accession number is Q00342.

PD-1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) as a second ligand for PD-1 and compare the function and expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2. Engagement of PD-1 by PD-L2 dramatically inhibits T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated proliferation and cytokine production by CD4 T cells. At low antigen concentrations, PD-L2-PD-1 interactions inhibit strong B7-CD28 signals. PD-L2 Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (aa 20-220, His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 23.73 kDa and the accession number is A0A2K5U5Z4.

Oncostatin M (OSM) is a glycoprotein belonging to the interleukin-6 family of cytokines that includes leukemia-inhibitory factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 6. OSM encodes a growth regulator, which Inhibits the proliferation of a number of tumor cell lines. It stimulates proliferation of AIDS-KS cells. OSM regulates cytokine production, including IL-6, G-CSF and GM-CSF from endothelial cells. OSM is considered as a pleiotropic cytokine that initiates its biological activities through specific cell surface receptors. The low affinity LIF receptor that shares the similarity of containing protein gp130 has now been identified to be a component of a high- affinity OSM receptor that will transduce OSM signals. OSM has also been shown to play a role in both pro and anti-inflammatory actions. OSM may also be involved in many biometabolism processes including liver development, haematopoeisis, inflammation, bone formation and destruction and possibly CNS development.

B7-H2, also known as B7-related protein (B7RP1), ICOS Ligand, and CD275, is an approximately 60 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein in the B7 family of immune regulatory molecules. B7-H2 is a ligand for the T-cell-specific cell surface receptor ICOS. Acts as a costimulatory signal for T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion; induces also B-cell proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells. B7-H2/ICOSLG Protein, Cynomolgus, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 27.7 kDa and the accession number is XP_005548617.1.

Human Notch-3 is part of the Notch family of type I transmembrane glycoproteins involved in a number of early-event developmental processes. The extracellular domain of Notch receptors interact with the extracellular domain of transmembrane ligands Jagged, Delta, and Serrate expressed on the surface of a neighboring cell. Upon ligand activation through the released notch intracellular domain (NICD) it forms a transcriptional activator complex with RBPJ/RBPSUH and activates genes of the enhancer of split locus. Affects the implementation of differentiation, proliferation and apoptotic programs.

IL15RA is a high-affinity receptor for interleukin-15. Il15ra associates as a heterotrimer with the IL-2 receptor beta and gamma subunits to initiate signal transduction. It can signal both in cis and trans where IL15R from one subset of cells presents IL15 to neighboring IL2RG-expressing cells. Il15ra is expressed in special cells including a wide variety of Tand B cells and non-lymphoid cells.IL-15 is a cytokine that regulates T cell and natural killer cell activation and proliferation. IL-15 binds to the alpha subunit of the IL-15RA with high affinity. IL-15 also binds to the beta and gamma chains of the IL-2 receptor, but not the alpha subunit of the IL2 receptor. IL-15 is structurally and functionally related to IL-2. Both cytokines share some subunits of receptors, allowing them to compete for and negatively regulate each other's activity. The number of CD8+ memory T cells is controlled by a balance between IL-15 and IL-2. Despite their many overlapping functional properties, IL-2 and IL-15 are, in fact, quite distinct players in the immune system. IL-15 is constitutively expressed by a wide variety of cell types and tissues, including monocytes, macrophages and DCs.

Hematopoietic growth factor capable of stimulating the proliferation of lymphoid progenitors. It is important for proliferation during certain stages of B-cell maturation. IL-7 Protein, Bovine, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 21.3 kDa and the accession number is P26895.

Type IV collagen is the major structural component of glomerular basement membranes (GBM), forming a 'chicken-wire' meshwork together with laminins, proteoglycans and entactin/nidogen.; Arresten, comprising the C-terminal NC1 domain, inhibits angiogenesis and tumor formation. The C-terminal half is found to possess the anti-angiogenic activity. Specifically inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. COL4A1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 39.9 kDa and the accession number is P02462.

Major connective tissue mitoattractant secreted by vascular endothelial cells. Promotes proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. Mediates heparin- and divalent cation-dependent cell adhesion in many cell types including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells. Enhances fibroblast growth factor-induced DNA synthesis. CTGF/CCN2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 15.1 kDa and the accession number is P29279.

Transcriptional factor regulating the expression of cell cycle genes essential for DNA replication and mitosis. Plays a role in the control of cell proliferation. Plays also a role in DNA breaks repair participating in the DNA damage checkpoint response. FOxM1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis-SUMO and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 31.2 kDa and the accession number is Q08050.

Probable regulator of the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway, a signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. Along with WWC1 can synergistically induce the phosphorylation of LATS1 and LATS2 and can probably function in the regulation of the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway. May act as a membrane stabilizing protein. May inhibit PI3 kinase by binding to AGAP2 and impairing its stimulating activity. Suppresses cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by inhibiting the CUL4A-RBX1-DDB1-VprBP/DCAF1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex.