d erythro/l threo lysosphingomyelin (d18:1)

Lysosphingomyelin is an endogenous bioactive sphingolipid and a constituent of lipoproteins.1,2It is produced by the removal of the acyl group from sphingomyelin by a deacylase and acts as a precursor in the biosynthesis of sphingosine-1-phosphate . D-erythroLysosphingomyelin is an agonist of the S1P receptors S1P1, S1P2, and S1P3(EC50s = 167.7, 368.1, and 482.6 nM, respectively, for the human receptors).3It is also an agonist of the orphan receptor ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 (ORG1) that induces calcium accumulation in cells overexpressing OGR1 (EC50= ~35 nM).4Levels of D-erythrolysosphingomyelin are increased in skin isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis, as well as postmortem brain from patients with Niemann-Pick disease type A, but not type B.2,5L-threolysosphingomyelin is also an S1P1-3agonist (EC50s = 19.3, 131.8, and 313.3 nM, respectively).3This product is a mixture of D-erythroand L-threolysosphingomyelin. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1321] 1.Ito, M., Kurita, T., and Kita, K.A novel enzyme that cleaves the N-acyl linkage of ceramides in various glycosphingolipids as well as sphingomyelin to produce their lyso formsJ. Biol. Chem.270(41)24370-24374(1995) 2.Nixon, G.F., Mathieson, F.A., and Hunter, I.The multi-functional role of sphingosylphosphorylcholineProg. Lipid Res.47(1)62-75(2008) 3.Im, D.-S., Clemens, J., Macdonald, T.L., et al.Characterization of the human and mouse sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor, S1P5 (Edg-8): Structure-activity relationship of sphingosine1-phosphate receptorsBiochemistry40(46)14053-14060(2001) 4.Meyer zu Heringdorf, D., Himmel, H.M., and Jakobs, K.H.Sphingosylphosphorylcholine-biological functions and mechanisms of actionBiochim. Biophys. Acta1582(1-3)178-189(2002) 5.Rodriguez-Lafrasse, C., and Vanier, M.T.Sphingosylphosphorylcholine in Niemann-Pick disease brain: Accumulation in type A but not in type BNeurochem. Res.24(2)199-205(1999)

2,4,5-Trichloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimid is a chemical agent.

D-Xylose ((2S,3R,4S,5R)-oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol) is a monosaccharide widely found in yeast and involved in the metabolism of the organism.

Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate (Calcium D-saccharate tetrahydrate) is an oxidized non-cyclic hexose sugar. It may inhibit carcinogenesis and proliferation of cancer cells.

D-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate (α,α-Trehalose dihydrate) is a natural α-linked disaccharide formed by an α, α-1, 1-glucoside bond between two α-glucose units.

D-(+)-Cellobiose (Cellobiose) is a disaccharide, a reducing sugar, consists of two β-glucose molecules linked by a β(1→4) bond. It can be hydrolyzed to glucose enzymatically or with acid.

N-Dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (Lauryl Maltoside) is an alkyl maltopyranoside detergent, particularly useful in transporters and respiratory complexes. It is a derivative of pyrene (Py) and has applications in the purification and stabilization of RNA polymerase, as well as the detection of protein-lipid interactions.

D-(+)-Trehalose (Mycose) can inhibit the decomposition of collagen, so it can be used to improve osteoporosis.

D-Glucose (Glucopyranose) is a monosaccharide, a natural glucose, a sweetener. D-Glucose is the main functional substance of living organisms, and is used as a nutrient in medicine, with diuretic, detoxification and cardiotonic effects.

2-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic Acid (ASCORBYL GLUCOSIDE), a glucoside derivative of ascorbic acid, exhibits anti-cancer properties upon enzymatic conversion to ascorbic acid.

D-Asparagine (H-D-Asn-OH) serves as a nitrogen source for yeast strains and acts as a competitive inhibitor of L-Asparagine hydrolysis with a Ki of 0.24 mM.

D-Glutamine is the D-type stereoisomer of cell-permeable glutamine, one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the standardized genetic code.

Phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (PHENYL-B-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE) is a component of Phellodendron amurense with anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities.

2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) is an analog of glucose, an inhibitor of glycolysis. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose has antiviral activity, as well as inhibitory cell proliferation and apoptosis-inducing activity.

D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (Vitamin E Acetate) is hydrolyzed to d-alpha-tocopherol (VE) and absorbed in the small intestine.

D-(-)-Mandelic acid ((R)-(-)-Mandelic acid) has the health function of killing sperm, reducing Yin, inhibiting bacteria, anti-inflammation and enhancing vagina self-cleaning.

D-Glucuronic acid is an important intermediate isolated from many gums. It has anti-inflammatory effects on the skin. It and its derivative glucuronolactone act as preventive liver detoxifiers for human health.

D-Sorbitol (Sorbitol) is a polyhydric alcohol with about half the sweetness of sucrose, occurring naturally and also produced synthetically from glucose. Formerly used as a diuretic, it may still be used as a laxative and in irrigating solutions for certain surgical procedures. It is also utilized in various manufacturing processes, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in several research applications.

D-Methionine sulfoxide inhibits peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase and can be used to inhibit ochre mites.D-Methionine sulfoxide can be added to chicken feed to promote growth.

D-Leucine ((R)-Leucine) potently terminates seizures even after the onset of seizure activity. D-leucine reduces long-term potentiation but had no effect on basal synaptic transmission in vitro.

D-Fructose (D-arabino-hexulose) , also known as D-(-)-Fructose or D-(-)-Levulose, is classified as a member of the Monosaccharides.

2-Amino-4-hydroxypyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine serves as an intermediate.

D-Galactose (Alpha-D-galactose) is an aldohexose that exists naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins and is converted enzymatically into D-glucose for metabolism or polysaccharides for storage. It accelerates senescence in invertebrates and mammals and has been used as a model for aging.

D-Cycloserine (RO-1-9213) is a broad spectrum antibiotic used as a second line agent for treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis, always in combination with other antituberculosis agents.

D-Glutamic acid ((R)-Glutamic acid), the enantiomer of L-glutamic acid, is widely used in medicine and food.

D-Glucuronic acid sodium salt monohydrate (Sodium D-glucuronate) is a carboxylic acid that is highly soluble in water. In humans, glucuronic acid often binds to toxic substances to facilitate elimination and to hormones to aid in their transport.

Inexpensive starting material for chiral synthesis.

2-Deoxy-2-sulfoamino-D-glucose sodium (GlcN-2S) can potentially influence arthritis.

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium [Disodium (R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate] is a competitive inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases with a Ki of 0.628 mM.

D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride (D-Galactosamine HCl) hepatotoxicity is associated with endotoxin sensitivity and mediated by lymphoreticular cells in mice.

D-(+)-Xylose (Wood sugar) is an aldopentose - a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms and an aldehyde functional group. It has chemical formula C5H10O5 and is 40% as sweet as sucrose. Xylose is also found in mucopolysaccharides of connective tissue and sometimes in the urine. Xylose is the first sugar added to serine or threonine residues during proteoglycan type O-glycosylation. Therefore xylose is involved in the biosythetic pathways of most anionic polysaccharides such as heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate. In medicine, xylose is used to test for malabsorption by administering a xylose solution to the patient after fasting. If xylose is detected in the blood and/or urine within the next few hours, it has been absorbed by the intestines. Xylose is said to be one of eight sugars which are essential for human nutrition, the others being galactose, glucose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, fucose, and sialic acid. . Xylose in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of apples and other fruits.

D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium salt is a compound widely present in biological systems. It is a molecule formed when glucose undergoes phosphorylation at the 6th carbon. This compound participates in various metabolic regulatory pathways within the body, including the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis.

2-O-(α-D-Glucopyranosyl)glycerol (2-alphaGG) is present in certain bacteria and plants that thrive in harsh environments and may extend the lifespan of budding yeast and erythrosporidium by enhancing their osmotic response.

D-Threonine (H-D-Thr-OH) is a metabolite of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

d-Neomenthol ((+)-Neomenthol) is a natural product.

D-Carnitine hydrochloride ((S)-Carnitine Hydrochloride) is a component of striated muscle and liver, used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and to treat hyperlipoproteinemias.

Flecainide Impurity D is used as an intermediate in industry.

D-(-)-Arabinose is a reducing sugar useful as a substrate in analysis of arabinose isomerases and synthesis of D-erythroascorbic acid in yeast. It shows strong growth inhibition against the Caenorhabditis elegans with an IC50 of 7.5 mM.

2-aminobenzo[d]thiazol-6-ol has antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer properties and may inhibit the activity of certain cancer cell lines by inducing apoptosis or programmed cell death.

1,4-D-Gulonolactone (D-Gulonic acid γ-lactone) (also known as reduced ascorbic acid, RAA) is the substrate of the enzyme L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.3.8), which catalyzes the last step of the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in plants and animals. The enzyme L-Gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase is missing in scurvy-prone, vitamin C-deficient animals, such as humans. 1,4-D-Gulonolactone is present in human blood and has been used as one of the markers to compare changes in exercise-induced oxidative stress.

D-(-)-Tartaric acid (D-Tartaric acid; (S, S)-tartarate; D-threaric acid) is mainly located in the cytoplasm. D-(-)-Tartaric acid can be converted into (2S,3S)-cis-fertaric acid and (2S,3S)-trans-fertaric acid. Outside the human body, it can be found in vinegar. This makes it a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food.

D-Menthol ((+)-MENTHOL) is a common compound in pharmaceutical and commercial products and a popular additive to cigarettes, it attenuates α±7 mediated Ca 2+ transients in the cell body and neurite, suggests that menthol inhibits α±7-nACh receptors in a noncompetitive manner.

D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is a diuretic and renal diagnostic aid related to sorbitol. It has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. It can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate. D-Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity.

D-(+)-Phenyllactic acid (D-3-Phenyllactic acid), an antibacterial compound produced by Geotrichum candidum, effectively inhibits various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria originating from humans and food products[1].

D-Histidine is an enantiomer of L-histidine. L-Histidine is an inhibitor of mitochondrial glutamine transport and also an essential amino acid for infants.

alpha-D-glucose (α-Dextrose) is a primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

β-D-Glucose pentaacetate (Penta-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose) is a natural product.

D-Glucaric acid potassium (D-Saccharic acid potassium salt) is a compound formed from oxidizing sugars, which can be used to test for the presence of hepatic enzyme induction. Studies indicate that D-glucuronolactone dehydrogenase oxidizes D-Saccharic acid potassium salt into D-glucaro-l,4;6,3-dilactone. Alternate studies suggest that D-Saccharic acid potassium salt forms a complex with Cu(II) and H2O2to decolorize azo, acridine, triphenyl methane, anthraquinone and thiazine-based dyes.

4-Fluoro-D-phenylalanine HCl (4-Fluorophenylalanine) is an amino acid salt.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-Glucopyranoside (4-MU-GLU) is used in the GCase activity assay based on the catalytic hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-glucopyranoside that releases the highly fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferyl (4-MU).