d-glutamine

D-Glutamine is the D-type stereoisomer of cell-permeable glutamine, one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the standardized genetic code.

5'-Guanylic acid disodium salt (GMP-5) is a purine ribonucleoside monophosphate. L-Glutamic acid and guanosine monophosphate are biosynthesized from xanthylic acid and L-glutamine via GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]. Guanosine triphosphate and guanosine monophosphate are biosynthesized from diguanosine tetraphosphate via bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase [asymmetrical]. In humans, guanosine monophosphate is involved in the kanamycin, telithromycin, tobramycin, and erythromycin action pathways, and several metabolic disorders including AICA-ribosiduria, adenosine deaminase deficiency, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency (aprt), and 2-hydroxyglutric aciduria (D and L form) pathways. Guanosine monophosphate is also found in foods like onion-family vegetables, millet, Chinese water chestnut, and red rice, serving as a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.

D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate, an endogenous metabolite produced by glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), is utilized in studies related to diabetes mellitus [1].

Phenylacetylglutamine (NSC 203800)is a normal constituent of human urine, but other mammals such as the dog, cat, rat, monkey, sheep, and horse do not excrete this compound. Phenylacetylglutamine is a major nitrogenous metabolite that accumulates in uremia. Phenylacetylglutamine also is a microbial metabolite found in Christensenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae.