diterpene

Isosteviol ((-)-Isosteviol), a common natural sweetener, belongs to tetracyclic diterpene glycosides. The pharmacology researches have suggested that stevioside and its hydrolysis products, steviol, isosteviol and steviolbioside, have many biological activities, such as reducing blood glucose, lowering blood pressure, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-diarrhea, antibacterium, immunoregulation, etc.

Sclareol, a labdane-type diterpene isolated from clary sage (Salvia sclarea), exerts growth inhibition and cytotoxic activity against a variety of human Y cell lines.

PHYTOL (trans-Phytol) , a diterpene alcohol from chlorophyll widely used as a food additive and in medicinal fields, shows antinociceptive and antioxidant activities as well as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. It is a specific activator of PPARα.

Tanshinone IIA (Tanshinone B) is a diterpene quinone natural product that targets the protein kinase domain of VEGF VEGFR2. Tanshinone IIA inhibits angiogenesis and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and therapeutic activities against coronary heart disease.

Sculponeatin N may have protective effects on the lipid peroxidation-damaged live cells.

Sclareol glycol, a diterpene diol, is utilized as a precursor in the synthesis of ambroxide. It is characterized by a specific stereochemistry at its (3S,6R,8aS)-configurations, with two hydroxyl groups attached at the [2R,3aR,6S,8aR]-octahydro-3a,6,6,8a-tetramethyl-2-(1-methylethyl) perhydrophenanthrene framework.

Enmein, 13-deoxy-19-hydroxy-, (19R)- is an Enmein-type diterpene derivative and can be used in the preparation of antitumor drugs.

Baccatin III (Baccatin Ⅲ) is a polycyclic diterpene which can be used for the semi-synthesis of paclitaxel and analogs. It has immunomodulatory and anticancer chemotherapeutic activities.

Fuziline is a diterpene alkaloid found in Aconitum kusnezoffii and Aconitum carmichaelii.It is functionally related to an aconitane.

12- Epinapelline is a diterpene alkaloid which displays anaesthetic activity as toxic neurological agents. Similar to aconitine, its suggested that modulation of voltage gated Na+ channels are responsible for these observations.

Phorbol (4β-Phorbol), a plant-derived diterpene, is a tumor promoter through the activation of protein kinase C.

Atractyloside is a glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of adenine nucleotide translocase.

Preleoheterin (Compound 3), a labdane diterpene isolated from L. japonicus [1], exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-activated macrophages without inducing cytotoxicity at certain concentrations [2].

Terpendole C is an indole diterpene alkaloid fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. yamanashiensis and an inhibitor of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT; IC50 = 2.1 μM in rat liver microsomes). It also inhibits ACAT in J774 macrophages (IC50 = 0.46 μM) without affecting cell growth.

Neophytadiene, a diterpene discovered in Turbinaria ornate, showcases desirable bioactive properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardioprotective effects.

20-DEOXYINGENOL is a natual product.

Ingol 7,8,12-triacetate 3-phenylacetate (compound 1), a functionalized ingol diterpene derived from spurge rum latex, exhibits no significant effect on the cell cycle.

Solidagolactone II, a chlorinated diterpene, has been isolated from Solidago virgaurea L. [1].

11,12-Di-O-methylcarnosol, also known as Comp 7, is a nolic diterpene lactone isolated from the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) [1].

Salvisyrianone is a diterpene isolated from Cryptomeria taiwanensis and S. syriacus with potential antihypertensive activity and antitumor activity.

Pepluanin A, shows a very high activity for a jatrophane diterpene, outperforming cyclosporin A by a factor of at least 2 in the inhibition of Pgp-mediated daunomycin transport.

Euphorbia factor L7a is a diterpene found in the seeds of Morinda citrifolia.

Hydroxymethylenetanshiquinone, an abietane diterpene, inhibits tumor cell proliferation [1].

Lagochiline, a diterpene compound, serves as a promising hemostatic agent and can be extracted from plants belonging to the Lagochilus species [1] [2].

Lasiodin (Lasiokaurin) is a diterpene compound from the plant Camellia sinensis that inhibits the proliferation of NPC cells. Lasiodin has antioxidant, antitumor and antibacterial activities, induces cell cycle length and apoptosis, induces cell migration and invasion, and can be used in the study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Leelamine hydrochloride, a tricyclic diterpene extracted from pine tree bark, inhibits the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor, known to regulate fatty acid synthesis [2,3]. This compound acts as a cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) agonist and suppresses SREBP1-regulated fatty acid/lipid synthesis in prostate cancer cells, irrespective of androgen receptor status.

Epirosmanol is a diterpenoid containing a lactone moiety. Epirosmanol is a very weakly basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa).

Manool, a diterpene from Salvia miltiorrhiza, showed antitumor activity in a mouse melanoma model.Manool caused cell cycle arrest in the G(2)/M phase of cancer cells, reducing the prevention of chromosomal damage and precancerous lesions.Manool induced endothelium-independent vasorelaxation mediated by the NO/cGMP signaling pathway in rat aorta and lowered blood pressure.

Methyl carnosate is a diterpene compound with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity isolated from sage or rosemary.

Abiesadine Q (compound 17), a diterpene isolated from the aerial parts of Abies georgei Orr [1], is a chemically distinct entity.

Macrocarpal E is a mesitylene diterpene diterpene derivative from Eucalyptus bluegum with antimicrobial activity.

Acanthoic acid is a pimaradiene diterpene isolated from Acanthopanax koreanum with anti-inflammatory activities. Acanthoic acid downregulates LPS-induced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production in BALF, attenuates lung histopathologic changes, and inhibits infla

12-O-Methylcarnosic acid is a diterpene carnosic acid isolated from Salvia microphylla, is an active constituent of 5α-Reductase inhibition with an IC50 value of 61.7 μM. 12-O-Methylcarnosic acid has Antioxidant activity, it is effective preventing gastric lesions. 12-O-Methylcarnosic acid can suppress melanin production with downregulation of Tyrosinase expression in HMV-II melanoma cells. 12-O-Methylcarnosic acid may have anti-diabetic activity, it is able to significantly activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ.

Jolkinolide B is a bioactive diterpene isolated from the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. Jolkinolide B induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Jolkinolide B can be used for studies on preventing and treating osteolysis.

Ingol 7,8,12-triacetate 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetate, a complex ingol diterpene derived from the latex of Euphorbia officinarum, features multiple acetate functional groups [1].

Erinacine U, a cyanogen diterpene extracted from Hericium erinaceus, exhibits neurotrophic properties and significantly enhances neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells [1].

Compound 7a, (Z)-(1R,3R,4R,4aS,8R,8aR)-3,4,8,8a-tetramethyl-7-oxo-4-(2-(5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)ethyl)decahydronaphthalen-1-yl 2-methylbut-2-enoate, is a clerodane diterpene [1].

Euphorbia factor L8 is a diterpene from Morinda citrifolia seeds.

4-Deoxy-4α-phorbol, a tetracyclic diterpene identified in E. desmondi, serves as a precursor in the semisynthesis of compounds inhibiting HIV-1-induced cytopathic effects in MT-4 cells and the creation of 4α-phorbol esters.

Isotanshinone IIA, could non-competitively inhibit Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) activity with an IC50 0f 11.4 μM. is an abietane-type diterpene metabolite.