ethylmalonyl coenzyme a (sodium salt)

Ethylmalonyl coenzyme A (CoA) is a key intermediate in the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway for carbon metabolism in certain bacteria, such asM. extorquens, which uses this pathway when grown on ethylamine.1,2It is produced from crotonyl-CoA by crotonyl-CoA reductase/carboxylase and modified by ethylmalonyl-CoA mutase to make methylsuccinyl-CoA. 1.Good, N.M., Martinez-Gomez, N.C., Beck, D.A.C., et al.Ethylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase operates as a metabolic control point in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1J. Bacteriol.197(4)727-735(2015) 2.Anthony, C.How half a century of research was required to understand bacterial growth on C1 and C2 compounds; the story of the serine cycle and the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathwaySci. Prog.94(Pt 2)109-137(2011)

Durlobactam sodium salt (ETX2514 sodium salt) is an inhibitor of β-lactamase with IC50 values of 4 nM, 14 nM, and 190 nM for Class A KPC-2, Class C AmpC, and Class D OXA-24, respectively. Durlobactam sodium salt can be used in studies about drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria including Acinetobacter baumannii.

Nigericin sodium salt is an antibiotic, an NLRP3 activator, and a cationic ion carrier. Nigericin sodium triggers the activation of the NALP3 inflammasome, which inhibits Golgi function and suppresses the growth of Gram-positive bacteria.

Methicillin sodium salt is the sodium salt form of methicillin, a semisynthetic beta-lactam penicillin antibiotic with beta-lactamase resistant activity.

Etomoxir sodium salt ((R)-Etomoxir sodium salt) is a carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT-1a) inhibitor that blocks fatty acid synthesis. Etomoxir sodium salt has antitumor activity.

NADP sodium salt (Sodium NADP) is a coenzyme that is widely distributed in living matter. Participates in oxidation-reduction reactions.

Chlorophyllin sodium copper salt (Chlorophyllin coppered trisodium salt) is a semi-synthetic mixture of water-soluble sodium copper salts derived from chlorophyll, primarily used as a food additive and alternative medicine.

Oxacillin sodium salt (Oxabel) is an antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.

Valproic acid sodium salt (Sodium Valproate) is the sodium salt form of valproic acid with anti-epileptic activity. Valproic acid sodium salt is converted into its active form, valproate ion, in blood. Although the mechanism of action remains to be elucidated, Valproic acid sodium salt increases concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, probably due to inhibition of the enzymes responsible for the catabolism of GABA. This potentiates the synaptic actions of GABA. Valproic acid sodium salt may also affect potassium channels, thereby creating a direct membrane-stabilizing effect.

Azlocillin sodium, an acylampicillin, is a broad-spectrum antibiotics

Deoxycholic acid sodium salt (Sodium deoxycholate) can activate the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 that stimulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity.

Adenosine 5'-diphosphate sodium salt (ADP sodium salt) is an adenine nucleotide that is phosphorylated into ATP by ATPase. This phosphorylation is a key part of cellular homeostatis as it allows for energy storage and is involved in nucleic acid metabolism. ADP affects platelet activation through its interaction with ADP receptors P2Y1, P2Y12 and P2X1. Upon its conversion to adenosine by ecto-ADPases, platelet activation is inhibited via adenosine receptors.

D-Glucuronic acid sodium salt monohydrate (Sodium D-glucuronate) is a carboxylic acid that is highly soluble in water. In humans, glucuronic acid often binds to toxic substances to facilitate elimination and to hormones to aid in their transport.

Sulfaquinoxaline sodium salt (SQ-Na) is a veterinary broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent with antigram-negative and gram-positive activity.Sulfaquinoxaline can be used to prevent coccidiosis and bacterial infections.

Colistin methanesulfonate sodium salt (Colistimethate Sodium) is a cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus, composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2.

Nalidixic acid sodium salt (Baktogram) is an antimicrobial agent with a limited bacteriocidal spectrum.

S-Sulfo-L-cysteine sodium salt shows a weak affinity for mGluR1α and mGluR5a at high concentrations and has potential antioxidant activity.

Danshensu sodium salt (Sodium Danshensu) is sodium salt of danshensu from the widely used Chinese herb Danshen. It can inhibited phenylephrine- and CaCl2-induced vasoconstriction in Ca2+-free medium.

Glycocholic Acid Sodium Salt (Sodium Glycocholate) is a conjugated bile salt and ionic biologic detergent. It is involved in the emulsification of fats.

Monensin sodium is an antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis.Monensin sodium salt (Monensin A sodium salt) causes a marked enlargement of the MVBs and regulates exosome secretion

Penicillin G sodium(Benzylpenicillin sodium) salt is a penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.

6α-Methylprednisolone 21-hemisuccinate sodium salt (Asmacortone), a water-soluble ester, is used for allergic, cardiac, and hypoxic emergencies.

L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt (Vitamin C sodium salt) is a more bioavailable form of vitamin C that is an alternative to taking ascorbic acid as a supplement.

Fusidic acid sodium salt (SQ-16360) is a sodium salt form of fusidic acid, a bacteriostatic antibiotic derived from the fungus Fusidium coccineum and used as a topical medication to treat skin infections.

D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate sodium salt hydrate is the intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism, including glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. During glycolysis, it is produced by phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate by phosphofructokinase. The reverse reaction mediated by fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase-1 is one of the rate-limiting steps of gluconeogenesis. The same reaction occurs in the chloroplasts of plants, D-Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate sodium salt hydrate as part of the reducing pentose phosphate cycle. Since cancer cells use glycolysis as a primary source of metabolic energy production, this pathway has become a major target for cancer chemotherapy.

Moxalactam sodium salt (LY-127935) is an antibiotic compound more effective against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosathan cephalosporins.

Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW 4500-5500) is an anhydrous glucose polymer with a molecular weight range of 4500-5500. It inhibits human immunodeficiency virus replication by preventing viral adsorption to host cells and is commonly used to model inflammatory bowel disease. The high negative charge from its sulfate groups damages the intestinal mucosal barrier, leading to intestinal barrier dysfunction, macrophage impairment, and bacterial flora disorder.

Phytic acid sodium salt (Sodium phytate hydrate) is known to function as a [PO4]3- storage depot and a precursor for other inositol phosphates and pyrophosphates. It is a potent chelator of divalent and trivalent cations in vitro.

D-Fructose-6-phosphate (sodium salt hydrate) is a sugar intermediate in the glycolytic pathway produced by the isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate by glucose phosphate isomerase, and is used in cancer research.

Isethionic acid sodium salt (Sodium isethionate) is an organosulfur compound containing a short chain alkane sulfonate linked to a hydroxyl group. Mammals are able to endogenously synthesize Isethionic acid sodium salt via taurine through a possible enzymatic deamination process. Isethionic acid sodium salt can be found in both human plasma and urine. Higher plasma levels of Isethionic acid sodium salt have been shown to be protective against type 2 diabetes.

Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW 40000) is a glucose dehydrating polymer with a molecular weight of 40000.

Cefoperazone sodium salt (CP 52640-2) is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety, utilized for the treatment of Pseudomonas infections.

Heparin sodium is a sulfated polysaccharide, which belongs to the family of glycosaminoglycans. It is utilized as an anticoagulant and interacted with diverse proteins for numerous important biological activities.Heparin sodium salt (Sodium heparinate) significantly inhibits exosome-cell interactions.

Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt (Sodium taurodeoxylate) is a bile salt-related anionic detergent used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. and it inhibits various inflammatory responses

Retatrutide sodium salt is a potent triple agonist peptide for glucagon receptor (GCGR), glucose-dependent proinsulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR), and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) Retatrutide sodium salt is used in the study of type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Polydeoxyribonucleotide can improve secretion of various growth factors, promote collagen synthesis, and restore tensile strength of the Achilles tendon in a rat model with Achilles tendon injury.

Sp-cAMPS sodium salt is an analog of cAMP that serves as a potent activator of cAMP-dependent PKA I and PKA II, and as a competitive phosphodiesterase (PDE3A) inhibitor with a Ki of 47.6 μM. It also binds the PDE10 GAF domain with an EC50 of 40 μM [1] [2] [3].

CHPG sodium salt is a selective agonist of mGluR5 that activates ERK and Akt signaling pathways and is utilized in studies on traumatic brain injury.

8-Bromo-cAMP sodium salt (8-Br-Camp sodium salt) is a long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase（PKA）, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

Taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate (Sodium taurocholate hydrate), formed by the conjugation of taurine with cholic acid, is the primary ingredient in the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is employed as a cholagogue and choleretic.

Suramin Sodium Salt (BAY-205) is a sodium salt form of suramin, a polysulphonated naphthylurea with potential antineoplastic activity. Suramin blocks the binding of various growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), to their receptors, thereby inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation and migration. This agent also inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced angiogenesis; retroviral reverse transcriptase; uncoupling of G-proteins from receptors; topoisomerases; cellular folate transport; and steroidogenesis.

Xanthosine 5'-monophosphate sodium salt (L-XMP Sodium) serves as an intermediate in purine metabolism.

GJ103 sodium salt is an active analog of GJ072, a read-through compound. It has been shown to reduce the surface tension of aqueous solutions, which makes it easier for molecules to move through the solution. It has also been shown to reduce the viscosity of aqueous solutions, which makes it easier for molecules to move through the solution. Additionally, it has been shown to reduce the pH of aqueous solutions, which can have a variety of effects on the biochemical and physiological processes of living organisms.

Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid-d4 Sodium Salt is a deuterated compound of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Sodium Salt. Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Sodium Salt has a CAS number of 14605-22-2. Tauroursodeoxycholate, also known as ursodoxicoltaurine, is a highly hydrophilic tertiary bile acid that is produced in humans at a low concentration. Tauroursodeoxycholate is the more hydrophilic form of ursodeoxycholic acid, which is the more abundant naturally produced bile acid in humans.Tauroursodeoxycholate is being investigated for use in several conditions such as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), insulin resistance, amyloidosis, Cystic Fibrosis, Cholestasis, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

UPF-648 sodium salt is an inhibitor of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) and exhibits highly active at 1 uM (81 ± 10% KMO inhibition).

Dehydroandrographolide succinate (potassium sodium salt), derived from the herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata (Burm f) Nees, is a versatile compound utilized for treating viral pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections due to its potent immunostimulatory, anti-infective, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Phenylacetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) is a key intermediate in aerobic catabolism of phenylacetate in bacteria such asPseudomonas, when cultured in minimal media using phenylacetate as the sole carbon source.1It is a precursor in the synthesis of the antibiotic penicillin G found in industrial strains ofP. chrysogenum. Phenylacetyl-CoA also acts as an effector molecule of the TetR family transcriptional repressor PaaR inT. thermophilusand the GntR family transcriptional regulator PaaX inE. coliandPseudomonas, binding to each protein to induce derepression of various genes.2

UDP-Glucuronic acid is a nucleoside diphosphate sugar that is a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. This compound can be used for the formation of many glucuronides with various aglycones.1 1.Green, M.D., and Tephly, T.R.Glucuronidation of amine substrates by purified and expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase proteinsDrug Metab. Dispos.26(9)860-867(1998)