fsl1 tfa

Pam3CSK4 TFA (Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)4 TFA) is an agonist of toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2) (EC50 of 0.47 ng/mL for human TLR1/2).

Jagged-1 (188-204) TFA(219127-21-6 free base) is a fragment of the JAG-1 protein. JAG-1 is Notch ligand, a peptide that is the most conspicuously expressed ligand in skin. JAG-1 induces epidermal maturation. Exposing submerged keratinocytes monolayers to JAG-1 with elevated calcium concentration produces stratification with loricrin expression and NF-alphaB activation.

Rotigaptide TFA(355151-12-1 free base) is a novel and specific modulator of Cx43 and is a potent AAP. Rotigaptide TFA(355151-12-1 free base) prevents the uncoupling of Cx43-mediated gap junction communication and normalizes cell-to-cell communication during acute metabolic stress.

pro-asp TFA(85227-98-1 free base) (TLβ4) down-regulate skin inflammation in mouse skin.

JAG-1, scrambled TFA is a scrambled sequence of JAG-1(188-204).

Nociceptin (1-13), amide is a potent agonist Opioid receptor-like1 (ORL1) receptor with a pEC50 of 7.9 for mouse vas deferens and a Ki of 0.75 nM for binding to rat forebrain membranes.

Angiotensin 1/2 (1-9)TFA is containing the amino acids 1-9 that are converted from Angiotensin I/II peptide.

740 Y-P(TFA)(1236188-16-1 free base) (740YPDGFR(TFA)) is a potent and cell-permeable activator of PI3K.

FSL-1 TFA, a toll-like receptor 2/6 (TLR2/6) agonist derived from bacteria, bolsters resistance against experimental HSV-2 infection[1] and stimulates MMP-9 production via the TLR2 and NF-κB/AP-1 signaling pathways in monocytic THP-1 cells[2].

NEP(1-40) TFA is a peptide antagonist of the Nogo-66 receptor (NgR), which mitigates the shift in microglial morphology distributions due to injury by attenuating myelin-derived inhibition [1].

Orexin B, human (TFA) is an endogenous agonist at Orexin receptor with Kis of 420 and 36 nM for OX1 and OX2.

TAT TFA (YGRKKRRQRRR) is derived from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) transcription reverse activator TAT, is a cell penetrating peptide.

HPV16 E7 (86-93) TFA is a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2.1 restricted HPV16 E7-derived peptide.

Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine TFA, a potent agonist of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor, elevates calcium and inorganic phosphate levels in vivo. This compound is employed in osteoporosis research [1].

Dynorphin B (1-13), a 13 amino acid, is an extraordinarily potent opioid peptide.

PACAP (1-38) free acid TFA, an endogenous neuropeptide, effectively enhances antral motility and somatostatin secretion, while concurrently suppressing gastrin secretion and promoting the release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin releasing peptide, and substance P. Additionally, it amplifies N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression via RACK1 [1] [2].

Piscidin-1 (22-42) (TFA) is a highly potent, multi-functional Antimicrobial Peptide (AMP) produced by Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides).

IGF-I (30-41) (TFA) is amino acids 30 to 41 fragment of Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I).

Endogenous human tachykinin-like peptide and potent agonist for NK1 receptors (EC50 = 1 nM).

Klotho-derived peptide 1 (KP1) (56-87), a peptide originating from the human Klotho protein, disrupts TGF-β signaling by binding to TGF-β receptor types 1 and 2 (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2; Kds = 1.41 and 14.6 µM, respectively). Preincubation with KP1 at a concentration of 10 µg/ml hinders the TGF-β-induced escalation of fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) levels in NRK-49F rat fibroblasts. Furthermore, in vivo studies reveal that KP1, administered at 1 mg/kg per day, preferentially accumulates in damaged kidneys, leading to significant reductions in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, indicators of improved kidney function. Additionally, it decreases kidney fibrosis in mouse models of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced renal fibrosis.

IRL-1620 (TFA) is a potent selective endothelin receptor B (ETB) agonist with a Ki value of 16pm.

Apelin-13 is an endogenous ligand of APJ receptor, and the EC 50 value of activated G protein coupled receptor is 0.37 nM.

GLP-1 (1-36) amide (human, rat) TFA, a molecular variant of GLP-1 (7-36) amide, can induce [14C]aminopyrine accumulation in enzymatically dispersed enriched rat parietal cells [1].

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (1-39), rat (TFA) is a potent melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2) agonist.

TAT-DEF-Elk-1 TFA (TDE TFA) is a cell-penetrating peptide that inhibits Elk-1 by mimicking its DEF domain and disrupting its function. It effectively blocks Elk-1 phosphorylation and its subsequent nuclear translocation, without affecting the activation of ERK or MSK1. This compound serves as a valuable tool for investigating Elk-1's involvement in the development of neuronal plasticity [1].

HIF-1 alpha (556-574) TFA is a 19-residue fragment of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which serves as the master regulator of oxygen homeostasis [1].

TLR2/6 agonist (also a putative TLR10 ligand). Activates NF-κB. Induces pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-8, IL-1β, CCL20 and TNF-α in vitro. Synergizes with IFNγ to induce CXCL10 release from melanoma cells.

Proteasome-activating peptide 1 TFA is a potent activator of the proteasome, enhancing chymotrypsin-like proteasomal catalytic activity and thereby increasing proteolytic rates both in vitro and in culture. Additionally, it inhibits protein aggregation in cellular models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [1].

Dynorphin A (1-10) (TFA), an endogenous opioid neuropeptide, binds in the transmembrane domain of the κ-receptor.

GIP (1-30) amide (Human) TFA is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide fragment. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion and reduces postprandial glycaemic excursions.

Protein Kinase C (19-31) TFA, a peptide inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), derived from the pseudo-substrate regulatory domain of PKCa (residues 19-31) with a serine at position 25 replacing the wild-type alanine, is used as protein kinase C substrate p

LyP-1 TFA, a cyclic nine-amino-acid peptide, exhibits selective binding to p32 receptors, which are overexpressed in a variety of tumor-associated cells [1].

Grb2 SH2 Domain Inhibitor 1 TFA is a cyclic cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) featuring a conformationally restricted d-pro-l-pro motif ring (AF Φ Rpprrfq), where Φ represents L-naphthylalanine, R signifies D-arginine, and P stands for D-proline. It primarily functions as a cyclic peptide inhibitor.

HCV-1 e2 Protein (554-569) TFA, an antigenic segment of the hepatitis C virus envelope 2 (e2) protein, encompasses a potential N-glycosylation site implicated in modulating immune recognition of e2 [1].

Biotin-β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA, also known as Biotin-Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42) (human) TFA, is a biotin-labeled 42-amino acid peptide implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease [1].

A8SGLP-1 TFA, an orally active GLP-1 analogue, features a serine substitution for alanine at position 8. This compound effectively lowers blood glucose in db/db mice, maintaining its function [1].

Gastric inhibitory peptide 1 (GIP-1) (3-42), a fragment of the incretin hormone GIP and antagonist to the GIP receptor, is generated through the action of serum dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DDP-4). When administered at 25 nmol/kg to an ob/ob mouse diabetes model, GIP-1 (3-42) elevates plasma glucose levels and lowers plasma insulin levels, demonstrating its effect on reducing insulin secretion from BRIN-BD11 pancreatic cells at a concentration of 100 nM.

Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (1-20) (IRBP1-20), a dodecapeptide fragment of retinoid-binding protein 3, plays a crucial role in pigment regeneration by facilitating the transport of retinol and retinal between photoreceptor cells and the retinal pigment epithelium. It has been utilized to provoke autoimmune uveoretinitis in C57BL/6 mice, possessing the H-2b haplotype. Furthermore, IRBP1-20 at a concentration of 3 µM enhances the secretion of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 from primary mouse spleen lymphocytes. Immunization and subsequent rechallenge with IRBP1-20 lead to increased ear swelling, inflammation of ocular blood vessels, infiltration by immune cells, damage to the photoreceptor layer, and retinal detachment in IFN-γ-deficient mice.

Super-tdu (1-31) TFA is an endogenous ligand of heptapeptide receptor and has a strong anti-analgesic effect.

Substance P(1-7) TFA, a fragment of the neuropeptide substance P (SP), induces depressor and bradycardic effects upon application to the nucleus tractus solitarius [1].

ACTH (1-17) TFA, an analogue of adrenocorticotropin, serves as a highly effective agonist for the human melanocortin 1 (MC1) receptor, exhibiting a dissociation constant (K i) of 0.21 nM.

Dynorphin A (1-10) (TFA), an endogenous opioid neuropeptide, interacts with κ-opioid receptor's extracellular loop 2 and inhibits NMDA-activated currents with an IC 50 of 42.0 μM.

K-(D-1-Nal)-FwLL-NH2 TFA is a potent and high-affinity inverse agonist of the ghrelin receptor, exhibiting Ki values of 4.9 nM in COS7 cells and 31 nM in HEK293T cells. This compound effectively inhibits ghrelin receptor-mediated Gq- and G13-dependent signaling pathways.

GLP-1(32-36)amide TFA, originating from the C-terminal end of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1, is a pentapeptide that has demonstrated the ability to mitigate weight gain and regulate glucose metabolism throughout the body in diabetic mice [1] [2].

PAR 4 (1-6) TFA (GYPGQV TFA), a hexapeptide derived from protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR 4), serves as a specific agonist for PAR 4. This fragment of PAR 4 [1] exhibits targeted activation properties.

Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) II, rat (TFA) is a neuropeptide with 37 amino acid.

ACTH (1-14) (TFA) is a polypeptide of corticotrophin, which promotes the release of cortisol.

This is a hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1 a) 19-mer fragment. HIF-1 functions as master regulator of response to oxygen homeostasis. Hypoxia-induced gene expression is initiated when HIF-1 subunit is stabilized in response to a lack of oxygen. This part

MART-1 (26-35) (human) TFA is an amino acid residue of 26-35 protein.

TAT-DEF-Elk-1 TFA is a cell-penetrating peptide Elk-1 inhibitor, mimics and specifically interferes with the DEF domain of Elk-1. TAT-DEF-Elk-1 blocks Elk-1 phosphorylation and prevents Elk-1 nuclear translocation without interfering with ERK nor MSK1 act