fst

Follistatin 288 is a secreted glycoprotein that was first identified as a follicle-stimulating hormone inhibiting substance in ovarian follicular fluid . Human follistatin 288 cDNA encodes a 317 amino acid (aa) protein with a 29 aa signal sequence, and a 288 aa mature region. Follistatin shows the highest affinity for activins due to its extended configuration. Genetic deletion of follistatin in mice, or expression of only the Follistatin form, is perinatally lethal due to defects of lung, skin and musculoskeletal system. Follistatins also regulate hematopoietic stem cell adhesion to fibronectin via FS2.

Follistatin-like 3 (FLRG/Fstl3) is a secreted glycoprotein of the follistatin-module-protein family. It may have a role in leukemogenesis. FLRG/Fstl3 is a recently described member of the FST family having an overall structure and activity profile similar to that of FST, including binding and neutralization of activin. FLRG/Fstl3 is expressed in a wide range of adult tissues, not detected in hematopoietic cells except in patients with a B cell chronic leukemia and a translocation. Isoform 1 or the secreted form is a binding and antagonizing protein for members of the TGF-beta family, such us activin, BMP2 and MSTN. Inhibits activin A-, activin B-, BMP2- and MSDT-induced cellular signaling; more effective on activin A than on activin B. Involved in bone formation; inhibits osteoclast differentiation. Involved in hematopoiesis; involved in differentiation of hemopoietic progenitor cells, increases hematopoietic cell adhesion to fibronectin and seems to contribute to the adhesion of hematopoietic precursor cells to the bone marrow stroma. Isoform 2 of FLRG/Fstl3 or the nuclear form of FLRG/Fstl3 is probably involved in transcriptional regulation via interaction with MLLT10. Modulation of activin and other TGFβ superfamily signaling is the primary mechanism of action for both follistatin (FS) and FS-like 3 (FSTL-3). FLRG/Fstl3 is likely to be a local regulator of activin action in gonadal development and gametogenesis and, further, that activin appears to have important actions in gonadal development and function that are critical for normal reproduction.

Follistatin-Related Protein 1 (FSTL1) is a secreted protein that contains two EF-hand domains, one follistatin-like domain, one Kazal-like domain, and one VWFC domain. Its functional significance in physiological and pathological processes is not completely understood. However, FSTL1 is thought to modulate the action of some growth factors on cell proliferation and differentiation. FSTL1 maybe an autoantigen associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

FSTL5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 120.5 kDa and the accession number is Q8N475-1.

FSTL1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 34.2 kDa and the accession number is Q12841-1.

FSTL1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 33.9 kDa and the accession number is Q62356.

FSTL5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 94.9 kDa and the accession number is Q8N475.

FSTL1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 59.5 kDa and the accession number is Q62356.

Follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) is a novel cytokine that regulates insulin sensitivity and counteracts activin/myostatin signalling. In the present study, regulation of FSTL3 in renal dysfunction was investigated in both human chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney dysfunction (AKD). Furthermore, mFSTL3 expression was analysed in insulin-sensitive tissues in a mouse model of CKD.