In mammalian embryos, transient Fgf8 expression defines the developing isthmic region, lying between the midbrain and the first rhombomere, but there has been uncertainty about the existence of a distinct isthmic segment in postnatal mammals. Retinoic acid (RA) directly represses Fgf8 through a RARE-mediated mechanism that promotes repressive chromatin, thus providing valuable insight into the mechanism of RA-FGF antagonism during progenitor cell differentiation. Fgf8 encodes a key signaling factor, and its precise regulation is essential for embryo patterning.

Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a secreted, strongly heparinbinding, developmentally regulated cytokine. PTN is a highly conserved protein，Human, mouse, rat, canine, porcine, equine and bovine PTN share 98% aa sequence identity or greater. PTN and midkine share 50% amino acid (aa) sequence identity, share some functions, and constitute a family. During development, PTN is involved in development of brain, bone, and organs undergoing branching morphogenesis. PTN causes PTPRB dimerization and inactivates its phosphatase activity, which allows increased tyrosine phosphorylation of its substrates. Increased expression of PTN is correlated with neuronal development or stresses such as brain ischemia and Parkinson’s disease.

Pleiotrophin/PTN Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43.7 kDa and the accession number is P63089.

Pleiotrophin/PTN Protein, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells. The predicted molecular weight is 15.3 kDa and the accession number is P63089.

In mammalian embryos, transient Fgf8 expression defines the developing isthmic region, lying between the midbrain and the first rhombomere, but there has been uncertainty about the existence of a distinct isthmic segment in postnatal mammals. Retinoic acid (RA) directly represses Fgf8 through a RARE-mediated mechanism that promotes repressive chromatin, thus providing valuable insight into the mechanism of RA-FGF antagonism during progenitor cell differentiation. Fgf8 encodes a key signaling factor, and its precise regulation is essential for embryo patterning.

Pleiotrophin/PTN Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells. The predicted molecular weight is 15.3 kDa and the accession number is A0A024R778.