Inulin(Inulin and sodium chloride), a starch found in the tubers and roots of many plants. Since it is hydrolyzable to fructose, it is classified as a fructosan.

Neoechinulin A has anti-inflammatory effect against LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages through inhibition of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways, it may block the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) molecule p38, apoptosis signal-regu

Echinulin has toxicity in rabbits.

Cycloechinulin is a diketopiperazine fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. ochraceus. It reduces weight gain of corn earworms by 33% compared to controls when used at a dose of 100 ppm in the diet.

Neoechinulin C, an alkaloid in the echinulin class of indolediketopiperazine, shields neuronal cells from paraquat-induced damage in a Parkinson’s disease model [1].

Fructo-oligosaccharide DP13 is an inulin-type fructan that can be isolated from Morinda officinalis [1].