l borneol 7 o [β d apiofuranosyl (1→6)] β d glucopyranoside

Borneol 7-O-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a natural product from Radix ophiopogonis.

D-Glucaric acid potassium (D-Saccharic acid potassium salt) is a compound formed from oxidizing sugars, which can be used to test for the presence of hepatic enzyme induction. Studies indicate that D-glucuronolactone dehydrogenase oxidizes D-Saccharic acid potassium salt into D-glucaro-l,4;6,3-dilactone. Alternate studies suggest that D-Saccharic acid potassium salt forms a complex with Cu(II) and H2O2to decolorize azo, acridine, triphenyl methane, anthraquinone and thiazine-based dyes.

D-(-)-Arabinose is a reducing sugar useful as a substrate in analysis of arabinose isomerases and synthesis of D-erythroascorbic acid in yeast. It shows strong growth inhibition against the Caenorhabditis elegans with an IC50 of 7.5 mM.

D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is a diuretic and renal diagnostic aid related to sorbitol. It has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. It can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate. D-Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity.

D-(+)-Phenyllactic acid (D-3-Phenyllactic acid), an antibacterial compound produced by Geotrichum candidum, effectively inhibits various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria originating from humans and food products[1].

β-D-Glucose pentaacetate (Penta-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose) is a natural product.

alpha-D-glucose (α-Dextrose) is a primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

1,4-D-Gulonolactone (D-Gulonic acid γ-lactone) (also known as reduced ascorbic acid, RAA) is the substrate of the enzyme L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.3.8), which catalyzes the last step of the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in plants and animals. The enzyme L-Gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase is missing in scurvy-prone, vitamin C-deficient animals, such as humans. 1,4-D-Gulonolactone is present in human blood and has been used as one of the markers to compare changes in exercise-induced oxidative stress.

O-Phospho-L-serine (Phosphoserine) is the phosphoric acid ester of serine.

D-(-)-Tartaric acid (D-Tartaric acid; (S, S)-tartarate; D-threaric acid) is mainly located in the cytoplasm. D-(-)-Tartaric acid can be converted into (2S,3S)-cis-fertaric acid and (2S,3S)-trans-fertaric acid. Outside the human body, it can be found in vinegar. This makes it a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food.

D-Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) is a water-soluble vitamin ubiquitously found in plants and animal tissues with an antioxidant property. D-Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and a part of the vitamin B2 complex. D-Pantothenic acid is a growth factor and is essential for various metabolic functions, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids. This vitamin is also involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, and hemoglobin.

D-Menthol ((+)-MENTHOL) is a common compound in pharmaceutical and commercial products and a popular additive to cigarettes, it attenuates α±7 mediated Ca 2+ transients in the cell body and neurite, suggests that menthol inhibits α±7-nACh receptors in a noncompetitive manner.

D-Fructose-6-phosphate (sodium salt hydrate) is a sugar intermediate in the glycolytic pathway produced by the isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate by glucose phosphate isomerase, and is used in cancer research.

D-(-)-Quinic acid (Kinic acid) is a cellular metal ion chelator, capable of promoting reactions with metal M(II,III) ions under pH-specific conditions. It may possess potent inhibition against alpha-mannosidase and alpha-fucosidase.

D-Mannopyranose is a hexose or fermentable monosaccharide and isomer of glucose from manna, the ash Fraxinus ornus and related plants.

Rebaudioside D is a potential sweetener. Rebaudioside D shows similar stability when exposed to simulate stomach and small intestine fluids, with susceptibility to hydrolytic degradation by enteric bacteria collected from the cecum.

D-Glucuronic acid lactone (Dicurone) is a naturally occurring chemical that is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues. Glucuronolactone is also found in many plant gums.

D-Mannose (D-(+)-Mannose) is a carbohydrate. D-Mannose plays an important role in human metabolism, especially in the glycosylation of specific proteins.

O-Acetylserine (OASS) is an acylated amino acid derivative. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the common amino acid cysteine in bacteria and plants. Its presence in humans arises from either microbial metabolism in the gut or through consumptio

D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt (Calcium pantothenate), a kind of water soluble vitamin, can reduce the patulin content of the apple juice.

D-Ornithine monohydrochloride is an endogenous metabolite that regulates intramuscular hormone levels, and has been used in studies of dry skin and insomnia.3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is an endogenous metabolite that regulates intramuscular hormone levels.

D-Lyxose (D-(-)-Lyxose) is used as a chiral building block.

D-Phenylalanine, a necessary aromatic amino acid, is a precursor of thyroxine, dopamine, melanin, and noradrenaline (norepinephrine).

5,6-Dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazole) is an intermediate in Riboflavin metabolism and is the penultimate step in the synthesis of alpha-Ribazole. It is converted from Riboflavin and subsequently transformed into N1-(5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole by the enzyme nicotinate-nucleotide--dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.21).

D-Serine ((R)-Serine), an endogenous amino acid, is a potent co-agonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor.

D-Panthenol (D-Pantothenyl alcohol) is an alcoholic analogue of D-pantothenic acid and cholinergic agent. D-Panthenol acts as a precursor of coenzyme A necessary for acetylation reactions and is involved in the synthesis of acetylcholine. Although the exact mechanism of the actions of D-Panthenol is unclear, it may enhance the effect of acetylcholine. D-Panthenol acts on the gastrointestinal tract and increases lower intestinal motility. It is also applied topically to the skin to relieve itching and to promote healing.

1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyluracil (Uracil 1-β-D-arabinofuranoside), isolated from the Caribbean sponge [Tectitethya crypta], is a methoxyadenosine derivative with anti-inflammatory activity, analgesic, and vasodilation properties.

d-Neomenthol ((+)-Neomenthol) is a natural product.

D-Carnitine hydrochloride ((S)-Carnitine Hydrochloride) is a component of striated muscle and liver, used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and to treat hyperlipoproteinemias.

D-Glucuronic acid sodium salt monohydrate (Sodium D-glucuronate) is a carboxylic acid that is highly soluble in water. In humans, glucuronic acid often binds to toxic substances to facilitate elimination and to hormones to aid in their transport.

D-Glutamic acid ((R)-Glutamic acid), the enantiomer of L-glutamic acid, is widely used in medicine and food.

Inexpensive starting material for chiral synthesis.

2-Deoxy-2-sulfoamino-D-glucose sodium (GlcN-2S) can potentially influence arthritis.

D(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride (D-Galactosamine HCl) hepatotoxicity is associated with endotoxin sensitivity and mediated by lymphoreticular cells in mice.

D-(+)-Xylose (Wood sugar) is an aldopentose - a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms and an aldehyde functional group. It has chemical formula C5H10O5 and is 40% as sweet as sucrose. Xylose is also found in mucopolysaccharides of connective tissue and sometimes in the urine. Xylose is the first sugar added to serine or threonine residues during proteoglycan type O-glycosylation. Therefore xylose is involved in the biosythetic pathways of most anionic polysaccharides such as heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate. In medicine, xylose is used to test for malabsorption by administering a xylose solution to the patient after fasting. If xylose is detected in the blood and/or urine within the next few hours, it has been absorbed by the intestines. Xylose is said to be one of eight sugars which are essential for human nutrition, the others being galactose, glucose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, fucose, and sialic acid. . Xylose in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of apples and other fruits.

D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium salt is a compound widely present in biological systems. It is a molecule formed when glucose undergoes phosphorylation at the 6th carbon. This compound participates in various metabolic regulatory pathways within the body, including the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis.

D-Galactose (Alpha-D-galactose) is an aldohexose that exists naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins and is converted enzymatically into D-glucose for metabolism or polysaccharides for storage. It accelerates senescence in invertebrates and mammals and has been used as a model for aging.

D-Cycloserine (RO-1-9213) is a broad spectrum antibiotic used as a second line agent for treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis, always in combination with other antituberculosis agents.

D-Ribose(mixture of isomers) (D-(-)-Ribose), commonly referred to as simply ribose, is a five-carbon sugar found in all living cells. Ribose is not an essential nutrient because it can be synthesized by almost every tissue in the body from other substances, such as glucose. It is vital for life as a component of DNA, RNA, ATP, ADP, and AMP.

D(+)-LACTIDE is a cyclic dimer of acetone used in the synthesis of a variety of drugs and other compounds, as well as in biochemical and physiological studies.

D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone (Gluconolactone) is a naturally occurring food additive used as a sequestrant, acidifier, curing agent, pickling agent, or leavening agent. It is a cyclic ester of D-gluconic acid and appears as a white, odorless crystalline powder.

N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine (NAG) is a monosaccharide derivative of glucose. It is released by the action of O-GlcNAcase, in mammalian systems from proteins that have been post-translationally modified with O-GlcNAc.

Alanine is a nonessential amino acid made in the body from the conversion of the carbohydrate pyruvate or the breakdown of DNA and the dipeptides carnosine and anserine. D-Alanine ((R)-Alanine) is a weak GlyR (inhibitory glycine receptor) and PMBA agonist, with an EC50 of 9 mM for GlyR.

Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (EH-201) is a low MW inducer of erythropoietin. Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside induces expression of erythropoietin, PPAR-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and haemoglobin in astrocytes and PC12 neuronal-like cells. In vivo, Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside treatment restores memory impairment, as assessed by the passive avoidance test, in SD, Aβ and KA mouse models. In the hippocampus of mice given Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside in their diet, levels of erythropoietin, PGC-1α and haemoglobin were increased. Treatment with Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside might be a therapeutic strategy for memory impairment in neurodegenerative disease, physiological ageing or traumatic brain injury.

H-D-cis-Hyp-OH (D-allo-Hydroxyproline) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as proline and derivatives. Proline and derivatives are compounds containing proline or a derivative thereof resulting from a reaction of proline at the amino group or the carboxyl group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.

D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate (D-Raffinose pentahydrate) is a naturally occurring trisaccharide composed of fructose, galactose, and glucose, found in various vegetables and grains. It functions as a functional oligosaccharide.

D-Tyrosine, the D-isomer of tyrosine, acts as a negative regulator of melanin synthesis by inhibiting tyrosinase activity. Furthermore, D-Tyrosine also inhibits biofilm formation and induces the self-dispersal of biofilms, while not affecting bacterial growth.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (Hedonal) is a synthetic auxin used as a plant growth regulator and also used as a supplement in plant cell culture media. It is an active ingredient in herbicides used to disrupts the actin cytoskeleton for the control of root elongation and cell production.

4,6-Benzilidine-D-Glucose is a clinical antitumor compound showing antitumor activity in rats with chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma.

D(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid is a substrate of D-amino acid oxidase.