lactoferricin b (4 14), bovine tfa

Lactoferricin B (4-14), bovine (TFA), is a peptide derived from bovine lactoferrin, specifically consisting of residues 4-14. This compound exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms[1].

Neurokinin A(4-10) TFA(97559-35-8 free base) is a tachykinin NK2 receptor agonist[1].

tcY-NH2 TFA is a selective PAR4 antagonist peptide. Inhibits endostatin release and platelet aggregation induced by thrombin.

Crosstide is a peptide analog of glycogen synthase kinase α/β fusion protein sequence which is a substrate for Akt.

Cyclotraxin B acetate is an antagonist of TrkB receptors; inhibits BDNF-induced TrkB activity (IC50 = 0.30 nM). Allosterically alters TrkB receptor conformation but does not alter BDNF binding. Prevents BDNF-induced cold allodynia in mice. Also shown to exhibit putative anxiolytic properties in mice.

Phytochelatin 4 (PC 4) TFA is a cysteine-rich, plant-derived peptide characterized by repetitive γ-glutamyl-cysteine motifs [1].

TIP39, a neuropeptide and an agonist for the parathyroid hormone receptor type 2 (PTH2R), effectively increases cAMP levels in COS-7 cells featuring recombinant PTH2R from humans or rats (EC50s = 0.5 and 0.8 nM, respectively), as well as in F-11 cells that naturally express PTH2R (EC50 = 1.15 nM). Furthermore, TIP39 at 1 nM halts the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and reduces Sox9 expression, a crucial regulator of cartilage differentiation, in CFK2 rat chondrocytes. Additionally, administering 100 pmol/animal of TIP39 reduces the immobility period in the forced swim test in mice, indicating a potential antidepressant effect.

Orexin B, human (TFA) is an endogenous agonist at Orexin receptor with Kis of 420 and 36 nM for OX1 and OX2.

Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine TFA, a potent agonist of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor, elevates calcium and inorganic phosphate levels in vivo. This compound is employed in osteoporosis research [1].

TNF-α (31-45), human (TFA) is a peptide of tumor necrosis factor-α.

Dynorphin B (1-13), a 13 amino acid, is an extraordinarily potent opioid peptide.

Peptide B, Bovine, an immunoregulatory peptide derived from αs1-casein B-8P (f1-13) in bovine milk, is predominantly generated during maturation and exhibits antihypertensive effects [1] [2].

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide (35-55), mouse, rat (TFA) is a minor component of CNS myelin.

Bovine Myeloid Antimicrobial Peptide (BMAP) 28, a synthetic peptide derived from bovine cathelicidin-5 (amino acids 132-158), exhibits antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, MRSA, S. epidermidis, and the fungus C. albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 2, 2, 4, 1, and 8 µM respectively. At a concentration of 200 nM, BMAP 28 permeabilizes the inner membrane of E. coli, and at 5 µM, it inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) replication in Vero 76 cells. Furthermore, at 30 µM, it causes hemolysis in human erythrocytes and cytotoxicity in human neutrophils. In vivo, a dose of 0.8 mg/kg enhances survival in mice infected with E. coli or MRSA, but not P. aeruginosa.

Cortistatin-14 (TFA), a neuropeptide resembling somatostatin-14 in structure, operates through interaction with somatostatin receptors (sst1-sst5). This compound exhibits anticonvulsive and neuroprotective effects alongside significant anti-inflammatory properties [1] [2] [3] [4].

Neurokinin B TFA belongs to the tachykinin family.Neurokinin B binds to a series of GPCR, including neurokinin receptors 1 (NK1R), NK2R, and nk3r, to modulate their biological effects

Cortistatin-14 is a neuropeptide have structural similarity to somatostatin-14. It is produced in the cortex and hippocampus of central nervous system.

Phoenixin-14 TFA (PNX-14) is a blood-brain barrier (BBB)-penetrable neuropeptide with anxiolytic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. It modulates pituitary gonadotrophin release by enhancing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor mRNA expression and promotes insulin secretion. Additionally, PNX-14 TFA offers protection against ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in mice and combats oxidative stress by diminishing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevating glutathione (GSH) levels [1] [2] [3].

CRF, bovine (TFA), acts as a potent agonist for the CRF receptor and effectively displaces [125I-Tyr]ovine CRF, demonstrating a K_i of 3.52 nM [1].

Dynorphin A (1-10) (TFA), an endogenous opioid neuropeptide, binds in the transmembrane domain of the κ-receptor.

Thioether-cyclized helix B peptide, CHBP (TFA), is the trifluoroacetic (TFA) salt of CHBP. This form enhances metabolic stability and exhibits renoprotective effects by promoting autophagy, achieved through the inhibition of mTOR C1 and activation of mTOR C2 [1].

FibrinopeptideB,human is a 14-amino acid polypeptide released from the amino terminus of the fibrinogen segment.

[Arg8]-Vasotocin (TFA) is a nonmammalian vertebrate neurohypophyseal peptide.

Lactalbumin B (50-53) Alpha [Lactorphin Alpha], bovine, is a peptide composed of 4 amino acids recognized for its blood pressure-lowering properties and functions as an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. This compound is frequently utilized in high blood pressure research.

Acetyl-ACTH (4-24) (human, bovine, rat), a proopiomelanocortin (POMC) peptide fragment, functions as an agonist at the MC-1 receptor [1]. This compound encompasses a sequence present in adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), which serves as the precursor for α-MSH, illustrating its significant role in the POMC peptide family.

[Lys5,MeLeu9,Nle10]-NKA(4-10) TFA is a potent and highly selective NK2 receptor agonist, exhibiting an IC50 value of 6.1 nM [1].

PAR 4 (1-6) TFA (GYPGQV TFA), a hexapeptide derived from protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR 4), serves as a specific agonist for PAR 4. This fragment of PAR 4 [1] exhibits targeted activation properties.

[Ala11,D-Leu15]-Orexin B(human) TFA is a potent, selective agonist for the orexin-2 receptor (OX2), demonstrating 400-fold higher selectivity for OX2 (EC 50 =0.13 nM) compared to the orexin-1 receptor (OX1) with an EC 50 of 52 nM.

Cyclotraxin B TFA, a cyclic peptide, serves as a highly potent and selective non-competitive inhibitor of TrkB, effectively impeding BDNF-triggered TrkB activity without altering BDNF binding affinity, evidenced by an IC50 of 0.30 nM. It is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, demonstrating analgesic and anxiolytic-like behavioral effects [1] [2] [3].

ACTH (1-14) (TFA) is a polypeptide of corticotrophin, which promotes the release of cortisol.

Tyr-(D-Dab4,Arg5,D-Trp8)-cyclo-Somatostatin-14 (4-11) is a somatostatin agonist utilized in cancer research [1].

Proadrenomedullin N-terminal 12 peptide (PAMP-12), an endogenous fragment originating from the adrenal medulla and spanning amino acids 9-20 of human PAMP-20, plays a role in causing hypotension. It functions as an agonist for the MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor family member X2 (MRGPRX2), inhibiting forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in CHO cells expressing human MRGPRX2 (EC50 = 57.2 nM) and selectively prompting calcium mobilization in these cells (EC50 = 41 nM), but not in cells expressing MRGPRX1, MRGPRX3, or MRGPRX4 at 1 µM. As an antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), PAMP-12 obstructs carbachol-triggered catecholamine release and the influx of calcium and sodium (IC50s = 1.3, 0.39, and 0.87 µM, respectively) in primary bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, with no effect on histamine-induced responses (IC50s = >1 µM for all). Additionally, it decreases mean arterial blood pressure in normotensive rats at doses ranging from 10 to 50 nmol/kg.

CysHHC10 TFA is a synthetic antimicrobial peptide (AMP), and exhibits strong anti-microbial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Apelin-17(human, bovine) TFA is an endogenous agonist of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ. This compound demonstrates affinity for human APJ receptors on HEK 293 cells, evidenced by a pIC50 value of 9.02. Additionally, Apelin-17(human, bovine) TFA has been shown to block the entry of certain HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains into NP2/CD4 cells that express the APJ receptor [1] [2] [3].

TAT-14 TFA is a 14-mer peptide functioning as an Nrf2 activator possessing anti-inflammatory properties. It does not alter Nrf2 mRNA expression but elevates Nrf2 protein levels by targeting the Nrf2 binding site on Keap1 [1].

PAR-4 Agonist Peptide, amide TFA (PAR-4-AP (TFA)), is a selective activator of the proteinase-activated receptor-4 (PAR-4), demonstrating specificity by not influencing PAR-1 or PAR-2, and its activity can be inhibited by a PAR-4 antagonist.

AtPep3 TFA is a hormone-like peptide that plays a role in the salinity stress tolerance of plants.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a neuropeptide, plays roles in regulating appetite, vasoconstriction, cardiac contractility, and intestinal secretion, acting as an agonist for NPY receptors Y1, Y2, and Y5. Expressed ubiquitously, NPY modulates cellular responses by selectively inhibiting forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation in L-M(TK-) cells expressing rat Y1 or Y2 and in HEK293 cells expressing rat Y5, more so than in cells expressing rat Y4 receptors (EC50s = 0.15, 2.7, 0.66, and >1,000 nM, respectively). Additionally, it elevates perfusion pressure in isolated guinea pig hearts (EC30 = 1.3 nM) and, when administered intracerebroventricularly at 300 pmol/animal, it notably increases food intake in rats.

CRF, bovine (TFA) is a potent agonist of CRF receptor, and displaces [125I-Tyr]ovine CRF with a Ki of 3.52 nM.CRF, bovine is a potent agonist of CRF receptor, and displaces [125I-Tyr]ovine CRF with a Ki of 3.52 nM[1]. CRF shows pEC50s of 11.16, 8.53 and 8

Magainin 1 TFA is an antimicrobial amphiphilic peptide isolated from xenopus skin.

Neurokinin A (4-10) TFA is a tachykinin NK 2 receptor agonist [1] .

Dynorphin B (1-13) TFA acts as an agonist on opioid κ-receptor .

ACTH (1-14) (TFA) is a regulatory fragment of adrenocorticotropin, specifically involved in the control of cortisol and androgen synthesis [1].

SLLK, Control Peptide for TSP1 Inhibitor (TFA) is a control peptide for LSKL, which is a Thrombospondin (TSP-1) inhibitor.

Angiotensinogen (1-14), human TFA is a fragment of the renin substrate angiotensinogen. Angiotensinogen is a precursor for all angiotensin peptides.

Gastrin I (1-14), human TFA is 1-14 fragment of human gastrin I peptide.

PKI (14-24)amide TFA, a potent inhibitor of Protein Kinase A (PKA), significantly reduces cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity within cellular homogenates, as evidenced by research findings [1] [2].

POT-4 TFA (AL-78898A TFA), a derivative of Compstatin, effectively inhibits the activation of complement factor C3. This compound is utilized in research related to age-related macular degeneration [1] [2].

Orexin B, rat, mouse (Rat orexin B) TFA, an endogenous agonist for orexin receptors, binds to and activates the closely related orphan G protein-coupled receptors OX1-R and OX2-R. This compound is instrumental in stimulating food intake, increasing energy expenditure, and regulating sleep-wake cycles [1] [2] [3].

Urocortin III, mouse TFA is a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-related peptide. Urocortin III preferentially binds and activates CRF-R2. Urocortin III (Ucn3) is a known component of the behavioral stress response system. Urocortin III and CRF-R2 in th