m2e, human

M2e, human, a vaccine candidate for human influenza A, encompasses the 23 extracellular residues of M2 (the third integral membrane protein of influenza A) and exhibits remarkable conservation across all strains, highlighting its potential as a broadly protective option.

M2e, the human Transmembrane Domain of M2 Protein (TFA), encompasses the 23 extracellular residues of M2, the third integral membrane protein of Influenza A, and exhibits remarkable conservation across all strains of human influenza A. This conservation positions M2e, human TFA as a promising and adaptable vaccine candidate capable of providing protection against all strains of human influenza A [1].

[Leu15]-Gastrin I human acetate(39024-57-2 Free base) is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T8761L.

Endothelin-2 (49-69), human (Human endothelin-2), is a 21-amino-acid vasoactive peptide that binds to G-protein-coupled receptors ET-RA and ET-RB.

GLP-2(1-33) (human) is an enteroendocrine hormone that stimulates intestinal epithelium growth.

PTH (2-38) (human) plays a role in bone anabolism and can elevate serum levels of INS-PTH (complete N-terminal specific PTH) [1].

GLP-2 (1-34) (human), a polypeptide secreted from the intestine shortly after eating, is used in research related to bone remodeling processes [1].

Galanin (2-11) amide is a synthetic peptide fragment of the neuropeptide galanin and an agonist of the galanin-2 (GAL2) receptor (EC50= 9.32 nM in a fluorescence imaging plate reader assay).1It selectively binds to the GAL2receptor (IC50= 1.76 nM for the rat receptor) over the GAL1receptor (IC50= 879 nM for the human receptor) but does also bind to the GAL3receptor (Ki= 271 nM for the rat receptor).1,2Intracerebroventricular administration of galanin (2-11) amide (1 nmol/animal) decreases immobility in the forced swim test in rats.3It also reduces the hind paw mechanical pain threshold and increases the hind paw cold sensitivity threshold in rats.1

Prokineticin 2 Isoform 2 (human), a hypothalamic neuropeptide, regulates thermoregulation and energy metabolism while decreasing food intake in rodents. This isoform is implicated in the study of metabolic syndrome (MetS), obesity, and hyperglycemia [1].

β-Defensin-2 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.1It inhibits the growth of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria, includingP. gingivalisandS. salivarius.2β-Defensin-2 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes.3It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-2 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cellsin vitrowhen used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cellsin vivofollowing a 500 ng intradermal dose.4Expression of β-defensin-2 is increased in psoriatic skin and chronic wounds.5,6 1.Lehrer, R.I.Primate defensinsNat. Rev. Microbiol.2(9)727-738(2004) 2.Ouhara, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Yamada, S., et al.Susceptibilities of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria to antibacterial peptides, β-defensins and LL37, produced by human epithelial cellsJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.55(6)888-896(2005) 3.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Nakano, N., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins stimulate epidermal keratinocyte migration, proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokinesJ. Invest. Dermatol.127(3)594-604(2007) 4.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Hara, M., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins and cathelicidin LL-37 induce the secretion of a pruritogenic cytokine IL-31 by human mast cellsJ. Immunol.184(7)3526-3534(2010) 5.Huh, W.-K., Oono, T., Shirafuji, Y., et al.Dynamic alteration of human β-defensin 2 localization from cytoplasm to intercellular space in psoriatic skinJ. Mol. Med. (Berl.)80(10)678-684(2002) 6.Butmarc, J., Yufit, T., Carson, P., et al.Human β-defensin-2 expression is increased in chronic woundsWound Repair Regen.12(4)439-443(2004)

PAR-2 (1-6) (human) (SLIGKV), a peptide ligand and PAR-2 agonist, [1].

(E)-2-(2-Methylbut-2-enamido)acetic acid is a valuable organic compound for life sciences research (catalog number: T65378, CAS number: 35842-45-6).

Defensin HNP-2 is a naturally occurring antibiotic and monocyte chemotactic peptide synthesized by human neutrophils.

(R)-2-Amino-3-(m-tolyl)propanoic acid is a valuable compound for life sciences research, catalog number T65696, CAS number 114926-39-5.

Human β-defensin-2 (HβD-2) is a cationic skin-antimicrobial peptide (SAP) characterized by its small size and rich cysteine content. Produced by various epithelial cells, it exhibits potent antimicrobial properties against gram-negative bacteria and Candida but is not effective against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Given these characteristics, Human β-defensin-2 serves as a valuable tool in colitis research.

β-CGRP,human tissue is one of the calcitonin peptide, through complex behavior of calcitonin receptor like receptor (CRLR) - and receptor activity - modifying proteins (increased), and 1 and 300 - nM CRLR IC50s/RAMP1 and CRLR/RAMP2 cells.

Endothelin-2 (49-69), human (TFA), is a 21-amino acid vasoactive peptide that binds to ET-RA and ET-RB receptors.

Acetyl-ACTH (2-24) (human, bovine, rat), a proopiomelanocortin (POMC) peptide fragment, includes adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) precursor of α-MSH and serves as an agonist at the MC-1 receptor [1].