marine organisms

Spongosine (2-Methoxy adenosine) is a pivotal intercellular signal transmitter, which has demonstrated a diverse bioactivity profile including anti-inflammatory activity and analgesic and vasodilation properties. Spongosine is a natural product isolated from Marine organisms, and first isolated from the marine sponge Cryptotethia crypta in 1950

Arsenobetaine, an organoarsenical and compatible solute, is discovered in numerous marine animals like lobsters and crabs, and terrestrial organisms such as earthworms and lichens. It protects against B. subtilis cell death caused by high osmolarity or extreme temperatures at 1 mM concentration. Notably, arsenobetaine exhibits non-toxicity to mice with an LD50 of 10 g/kg.

Pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane) is a natural product from shark liver oil and a non-antigenic adjuvant.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) is a ω-3 fatty acid abundantly available in marine organisms.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) sodium, an orally active omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 LC-PUFA), demonstrates a unique ability to demethylate DNA, thereby facilitating the re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ). This compound also activates the RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway by demethylating H-Ras intron 1 CpG island in U937 leukemia cells and promotes the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to vasodilation.