Ginsenoside-F3 has immunoenhancing activity by regulating production and gene expression of type 1, type 2 cytokines in murine spleen cells. Ginsenoside-F3 enhances the NF-kappaB DNA binding activity induced by ConA in murine spleen cells (10 μM).

5,6-Benzoflavone (β-Naphthoflavone) is an exogenous ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which disrupts zinc homeostasis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. 5,6-Benzoflavone (β-Naphthoflavone) possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, inhibits LPS-induced inflammation through the AKT/Nrf-2/HO-1-NF-kappaB signaling axis, inhibits TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, which can be used to study neurodegenerative diseases.

Isorhamnetin (3-methylquercetin) is the methylated metabolite of quercetin. Quercetin is an important dietary flavonoid with in vitro antioxidant activity. Isorhamnetin prevents endothelial cell injuries from oxidized LDL via inhibition of lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 upregulation, interference of ox-LDL-mediated intracellular signaling pathway (p38MAPK activation, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, eNOS expression) and the antioxidant activity of isorhamnetin. Isorhamnetin prevents endothelial dysfunction, superoxide production, and overexpression of p47phox induced by angiotensin II. Isorhamnetin appears to be a potent drug against esophageal cancer due to it's in vitro potential to not only inhibit proliferation but also induce apoptosis of Eca-109 cells.

Protosappanin A (PTA) has anti-oxidative/nitrative activities on brain immune and neuroinflammation through regulation of CD14/TLR4-dependent IKK/IκB/NF-κB inflammation signal pathway; it exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effect by inhibiting JAK2-STAT3 pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglia. Protosappanin A induces immunosuppression of rats heart transplantation targeting T cells in grafts via NF-kappaB pathway. Protosappanin A and protosappanin B have antimicrobial activity, they show both alone activities and resistance reversal effects of amikacin and gentamicin against MRSA. Protosappanin A shows strong effect against HIV-1 IN with an IC50 value of 12.6 uM.

Ganoderic acid H is a potent antitumour agent, it mediates its biological effects through the inhibition of transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kappaB, resulting in the down-regulation of expression of Cdk4.

Lucidenic acid B (Lucidenicacid B), a natural compound extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, induces activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP, which can induce apoptosis in human leukemia cells through mitochondrial mediation. Lucidenic acid B inhibits PMA-induced invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inactivating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and decreasing the binding activity of NF-kappaB and AP-1. Lucidenic acid B had no effect on cell cycle and necrotic cells.

Pinoresinol ((+)-Pinoresinol) has antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, and fungicidal activities, it can protect pial microcirculation from I-reperfusion injury, to increase nitric oxide release and to reduce oxidative stress preserving pial blood flow distribution; it may exert pharmacologically interesting effects via modulation of the insulin-like signalling pathway in C.elegans. Pinoresinol causes an upregulation of the CDK inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1) both at mRNA and protein levels, inhibits NF-kappaB and activating protein 1 (AP-1).

1. Dauricine has pulmonary toxicity, can produce pulmonary injury in CD-1 mice by the metabolism of Dauricine mediated by CYP3A. 2. Dauricinec can pass the blood-brain barrier, and that P-glycoprotein has an important role in the transportation of Dauricine across the blood-brain barrier. 3. Dauricine may has anti-tumor effect, can inhibit tumor cells in urinary system and colon cancer cell proliferation, invasion; induce cell apoptosis by suppressing NF-kappaB activity and the expression profile of its downstream genes.